Ganho ponderal gestacional: Estudo de algumas variáveis intervenientes

Background: Pregnancy is a period of change in a women´s life which involves great alterations, both at a physical level as well as at a psycho-affective level. The gestational weight gain, whether it is excessive or insufficient, is a public health problem. The range of repercussions usually doesn´t finish with pregnancy, the intra partum, the post partum and extends to newborn (NB) or even to his adult life. Objectives: This study aims to analyse the relationship between gestational weight gain and demographic variables, the intra and post partum obstetric variables and also its relationship to the neonatal variables. Methods: This study is of a quantitative nature, analytic, descriptive of the retrospective type. Using a non probabilistic convenient sample with 382 women s clinical process´, who gave birth in a central maternity, which is a differentiate perinatal support hospital. Data collection was done between July 1st and December 31 of 2009 and was conducted through scripted data collection that included pre, intra and post partum obstetric data and data relating to NB. Results: We concluded that the gestational weight gain is highly associated with initial Body Mass Index (BMI) and that pregnant women with the highest BMI have lower real weight gain but, in relation to their BMI, they gain weight above the ideal. The results show that the gestational age does not significantly influences real weight gain by the pregnant. There is a higher probability of pregnant women who had pregnancy surveillance in the public sector to have a superior real gestational weight gain in relation to pregnant women who did their surveillance in the private sector. The association of gestational weight gain and obstetric intra partum and post partum variables didn´t proved to have statistical significance. There is no association between neonatal variables and gestational weight gain. The influence of the gestational weight gain in the pregnant was evidenced mainly at the level of initial BMI, final weight and place of pregnancy surveillance. Enquadramento: A gravidez é um período de mudança para a mulher e que envolve grandes alterações, quer a nível físico, quer a nível psicoafectivo. O ganho ponderal na gravidez, excessivo ou insuficiente, é um problema de saúde pública. A sua esfera de repercussões ultrapassa o processo de gravidez, o intraparto, o pós-parto e estende-se ao recém-nascido (RN) ou repercute-se ainda na sua vida adulta. Objetivo: Pretende-se analisa