Fig. 5 A in A new ape from Türkiye and the radiation of late Miocene hominines

Fig. 5 A phylogeny of the taxa included in this analysis consistent with most of the cladograms presented here. Taxa are positioned in chronological order without regard to geography, with most taxa only known from a limited time span. Exceptions are Ekembo and Sivapithecus, with longer time ranges, which are positioned roughly when they are most abundant, in both cases about mid-way in their known time ranges. The different colored "puddles" represent hominid clades and/or stages of evolution. These can also be imagined as pools of related species in somewhat delimited space and time with broad ancestordescendant relationships. The lines are disconnected to reflect the difficulty in identifying actual ancestor-descendant relationships, but that these relations can be estimated between "puddles". Blue puddle taxa are stem hominids and are all confined to Africa. Among these taxa the relations of Samburupithecus and Chororapithecus are unresolved in the cladograms except in so far as they are excluded from the clade that includes all Eurasian taxa and crown hominins. Other lines of evidence suggest that these taxa are members of the early or middle Miocene radiation of early apes (see text). The orange puddles are the pongines, which probably have their origin within the middle Miocene puddle, although not necessarily any of the taxa included here (another taxon, Griphopithecus, known from Europe and Türkiye, would be a member of the blue puddle but was not included in the cladistic analyses). While both are pongines, Ankarapithecus lacks derived features shared by Sivapithecus and Pongo, so the line representing the relationship between the latter two bi-passes Ankarapithecus. The three green-shade puddles represent the hominine clades as defined here. Bright green are the dryopithecins, with the younger taxa Rudapithecus and Hispanopithecus depicted as closely related and descendant from any of the older taxa or an unknown taxon sharing attributes with these three. The light green puddle includes the Balkan and Anatolian taxa, likely to have descended from somewhere in the dryopithecin puddle. Possible ancestor-descendant relationships are depicted in this puddle. The darker green puddle represents the crown hominines. The various lineages diverge from unknown ancestors, but probably a member of either of the older green shade puddles. Gorillas diverge first, followed by chimpanzees and humans. Orrorin and Ardipithecus are depicted in a manner consistent