ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TYPE 1 DIABETES AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease affecting insulin production. Individuals with T1D are known to have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune conditions, with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) being the most common. Objectives: To evaluate the current literature on the association between T1D and AITD. Methods: A thorough electronic search of relevant databases was implemented to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. An extensive search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Web of Science was performed to locate relevant material. Results: Our data includes eleven trials with 21,812 participants and 11744 (53.2%) were males. The prevalence of AITD ranged from 9.2% to 75% with a total prevalence of 4425 (20.3%). Age, a long disease duration, and female gender are associated with an increased frequency of AITD in the population with T1D. Early glycemic control is recommended since the main consequences of diabetes are chronicity and inadequate glycemic control. The presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of diagnosis, age less than five years at T1D diagnosis, and a major autoimmune history in the family were all predictive factors for multiple autoimmunity. Conclusion: There is a well-established correlation between AITD and T1D since both disorders often co-occur because of similar immune and genetic mechanisms. AITD, which includes diseases like Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is more common in patients with T1D. Common autoimmune mechanisms, in which the immune system unintentionally targets the body's own tissues, are thought to be the cause of this relationship. In order to maximize patient care and avoid complications, it is essential to identify and treat AITD in patients with T1D. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, prevalence, incidence, Systematic review.