Data from: the Siam chicken bioresource project: genetic diversity and origin of Thai chicken breeds

Three separate studies have delved into the genetic characteristics, origins, and unique attributes of various chicken breeds in Thailand, providing crucial insights for future breeding programs. The first study focused on Chee Fah and Fah Luang, black-boned chicken breeds in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Despite their economic and cultural significance, little was known about their genetics. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequencing and microsatellite genotyping revealed shared genetic heritage with Chinese black-boned chickens, suggesting their origin. Distinct genetic patterns were identified compared to Thai domestic chickens and red junglefowl, indicating crossbreeding and introgression during domestication. Interestingly, the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens from different localities exhibited different gene pool structures, possibly influenced by environmental factors like elevation. The second study centered on the Mae Hong Son chicken, a local breed in Northern Thailand. Genetic analyses, including microsatellite markers and mitochondrial D-loop sequencing, unveiled high genetic diversity and unique allelic gene pool patterns. This breed likely originated as a crossbreed between red junglefowl and Thai indigenous village chickens, adapting to local environmental, social, and cultural conditions. The third study examined Lao Pa Koi (LPK) chickens, a popular fighting breed in Thailand. Genetic diversity assessments using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences confirmed high variability and genetic admixture between red junglefowl and Thai domestic chickens. Spatial suitability analysis highlighted the importance of elevation in shaping LPK chicken distribution. In conclusion, these studies collectively enhance our understanding of the genetic foundations, origins, and adaptation of diverse chicken breeds in Thailand. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective breeding programs and preserving these valuable genetic resources.