A NECTAr-based upgrade for the Cherenkov cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-meter telescopes
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is one of the three arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) currently in operation. It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~ 30 GeV – 100 TeV. The cameras of t...
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| container_end_page | (2020). doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.102425 |
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| creator | Ashton, Terry Backes, Michael Balzer, Arnim Berge, David Bolmont, Julien Bonnefoy, Simon Brun, Francois Chaminade, Thomas Delagnes, Eric Fontaine, Gerard Füssling, Matthias Giavitto, Gianluca Giebels, Berrie Glicenstein, Jean-Francois Gräber, Tobias Hinton, Jim Jahnke, Albert Klepser, Stefan Kossatz, Marko Kretzschmann, Axel Lefranc, Valentin Leich, Holger Lenain, Jean-Philippe Lüdecke, Hartmut Lypova, Iryna Manigot, Pascal Marandon, Vincent Moulin, Emmanuel Murach, Thomas De Naurois, Mathieu Nayman, Patrick Ohm, Stefan Penno, Marek Ross, Duncan Salek, David Schade, Markus Schwab, Thomas Shiningayamwe, Kleopas Stegmann, Christian Steppa, Constantin Tavernet, Jean-Paul Thornhill, Julian Toussnel, Francois Vincent, Pascal |
| description | The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is one of the three arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) currently in operation. It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~ 30 GeV – 100 TeV. The cameras of the 12-m telescopes recently underwent a substantial upgrade, with the goal of improving their performance and robustness. The upgrade involved replacing all camera components except for the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This meant developing new hardware for the trigger, readout, power, cooling and mechanical systems, and new software for camera control and data acquisition. Several novel technologies were employed in the cameras: the readout is built around the new NECTAr digitizer chip, developed for the next generation of IACTs; the camera electronics is fully controlled and read out via Ethernet using a combination of FPGA and embedded ARM computers; the software uses modern libraries such as Apache Thrift, ØMQ and Protocol buffers. This work describes in detail the design and the performance of the upgraded cameras. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3204/pubdb-2020-00672 |
| format | Report |
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It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~ 30 GeV – 100 TeV. The cameras of the 12-m telescopes recently underwent a substantial upgrade, with the goal of improving their performance and robustness. The upgrade involved replacing all camera components except for the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This meant developing new hardware for the trigger, readout, power, cooling and mechanical systems, and new software for camera control and data acquisition. Several novel technologies were employed in the cameras: the readout is built around the new NECTAr digitizer chip, developed for the next generation of IACTs; the camera electronics is fully controlled and read out via Ethernet using a combination of FPGA and embedded ARM computers; the software uses modern libraries such as Apache Thrift, ØMQ and Protocol buffers. This work describes in detail the design and the performance of the upgraded cameras.</description><subject>Cherenkov counter: atmosphere</subject><subject>computer: communications</subject><subject>data acquisition</subject><subject>detector: design</subject><subject>electrical engineering</subject><subject>electronics: design</subject><subject>electronics: readout</subject><subject>FPGA</subject><subject>HESS</subject><subject>mechanical engineering</subject><subject>photon: detector</subject><subject>programming</subject><subject>trigger</subject><subject>upgrade</subject><issn>1873-2852</issn><issn>0927-6505</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>report</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>report</recordtype><sourceid>PQ8</sourceid><recordid>eNqdzr0OgjAUBeAOmog_u2NfoHjborASgnFykb0pcBEUhLRg4tsLxCcwdzjDPSf5CNlzcKUA79ANaZ4yAQIYwMkXC-LwwJdMBEexImtrHwDcA-k5JAnpNY6S0LBUW8zp0N2NzpEWraF9iTQq0eDr2b5pphs02tK2mB8XN3Zv41EuWIM9jnWs0WZth3ZLloWuLe5-uSFwjpPownLd66zqUXWmarT5KA5qEqtZrCaxmsXyj8kXmrFKdA</recordid><startdate>2020</startdate><enddate>2020</enddate><creator>Ashton, Terry</creator><creator>Backes, Michael</creator><creator>Balzer, Arnim</creator><creator>Berge, David</creator><creator>Bolmont, Julien</creator><creator>Bonnefoy, Simon</creator><creator>Brun, Francois</creator><creator>Chaminade, Thomas</creator><creator>Delagnes, Eric</creator><creator>Fontaine, Gerard</creator><creator>Füssling, Matthias</creator><creator>Giavitto, 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Constantin</creator><creator>Tavernet, Jean-Paul</creator><creator>Thornhill, Julian</creator><creator>Toussnel, Francois</creator><creator>Vincent, Pascal</creator><general>Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg</general><scope>PQ8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-1824</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-2243</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-6499</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-5008</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-4275</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2020</creationdate><title>A NECTAr-based upgrade for the Cherenkov cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-meter telescopes</title><author>Ashton, Terry ; Backes, Michael ; Balzer, Arnim ; Berge, David ; Bolmont, Julien ; Bonnefoy, Simon ; Brun, Francois ; Chaminade, Thomas ; Delagnes, Eric ; Fontaine, Gerard ; Füssling, Matthias ; Giavitto, Gianluca ; Giebels, Berrie ; Glicenstein, Jean-Francois ; Gräber, Tobias ; Hinton, Jim ; Jahnke, Albert ; Klepser, Stefan ; Kossatz, Marko ; Kretzschmann, Axel ; Lefranc, Valentin ; Leich, Holger ; Lenain, Jean-Philippe ; Lüdecke, Hartmut ; Lypova, Iryna ; Manigot, Pascal ; Marandon, Vincent ; Moulin, Emmanuel ; Murach, Thomas ; De Naurois, Mathieu ; Nayman, Patrick ; Ohm, Stefan ; Penno, Marek ; Ross, Duncan ; Salek, David ; Schade, Markus ; Schwab, Thomas ; Shiningayamwe, Kleopas ; Stegmann, Christian ; Steppa, Constantin ; Tavernet, Jean-Paul ; Thornhill, Julian ; Toussnel, Francois ; Vincent, Pascal</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-datacite_primary_10_3204_pubdb_2020_006723</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>reports</rsrctype><prefilter>reports</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cherenkov counter: atmosphere</topic><topic>computer: communications</topic><topic>data acquisition</topic><topic>detector: design</topic><topic>electrical engineering</topic><topic>electronics: design</topic><topic>electronics: 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It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~ 30 GeV – 100 TeV. The cameras of the 12-m telescopes recently underwent a substantial upgrade, with the goal of improving their performance and robustness. The upgrade involved replacing all camera components except for the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This meant developing new hardware for the trigger, readout, power, cooling and mechanical systems, and new software for camera control and data acquisition. Several novel technologies were employed in the cameras: the readout is built around the new NECTAr digitizer chip, developed for the next generation of IACTs; the camera electronics is fully controlled and read out via Ethernet using a combination of FPGA and embedded ARM computers; the software uses modern libraries such as Apache Thrift, ØMQ and Protocol buffers. 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| issn | 1873-2852 0927-6505 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_datacite_primary_10_3204_pubdb_2020_00672 |
| source | DataCite |
| subjects | Cherenkov counter: atmosphere computer: communications data acquisition detector: design electrical engineering electronics: design electronics: readout FPGA HESS mechanical engineering photon: detector programming trigger upgrade |
| title | A NECTAr-based upgrade for the Cherenkov cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-meter telescopes |
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