First- and second-year sea-ice salinity, temperature, and density during GoNorth 2022 leg 1

First- and second-year sea-ice thickness, draft, salinity, temperature, and density were measured during two ice stations on 24 October 2022 and 30 October 2022 during leg 1 of the GoNorth 2022 expedition. The ice cores were extracted with 7.25-cm (Mark III) internal diameter ice corers (Kovacs Enterprise, US). During each ice station, ice temperature was measured in situ from a separate temperature core, using Ebro TFX 410 Thermometer thermometers in drill holes with a length of half-core-diameter at 5 cm vertical resolution. Ice bulk practical salinity was measured from melted core sections at 5 cm resolution using a Mettler Toledo SevenGo conductivity meter. Sea ice density was measured using the hydrostatic weighing method (Pustogvar and Kulyakhtin, 2016) from several density cores in the freezer laboratory onboard RV Kronprins Haakon at the temperature from –10°C to –14°C. Relative volumes of brine and gas were estimated from ice salinity, temperature, and density using Cox and Weeks (1983) for cold ice and Leppäranta and Manninen (1988) for ice warmer than –2°C.This sea ice physics data was collected during leg 1 of the GoNorth 2022 scientific expedition on 14 October – 3 November 2022 (cruise number 2022713) on the RV Kronprins Haakon. The ice cores were collected at two ice stations (Station 6 and Super Station 14) located at 82°13.56' N and 26°41.43' E for the first and 82°31.05' N and 17°30.04' E for the second sea ice station in the area north of Svalbard. The data contains the event label (1), station (2), time (3), global coordinates (4,5) of each coring measurement, ice type (11), and sample ID (12). Each core has its manually measured ice thickness (6), ice draft (7), snow height (8), and local coordinates for each ice station (7,8). Each core section has the total length of its top (13) and bottom (14) measured in situ. Each core section has the value of its practical salinity (15), each core section of a temperature core has the value of its in situ temperature (16), and each core section of density cores has the value of its ice density (18). Each core section also has laboratory temperature (17), an estimate of brine volume fraction (19), and gas volume fraction (20).