Seawater carbonate chemistry and photophysiology and hemolytic activity of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea

Due to global climate change, marine phytoplankton will likely experience low pH (ocean acidification), high temperatures and high irradiance in the future. Here, this work report the results of a batch culture experiment conducted to study the interactive effects of elevated CO2, increased temperat...

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description Due to global climate change, marine phytoplankton will likely experience low pH (ocean acidification), high temperatures and high irradiance in the future. Here, this work report the results of a batch culture experiment conducted to study the interactive effects of elevated CO2, increased temperature and high irradiance on the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea, isolated at Dongtou Island, Eastern China Sea. The A. sanguineacells were acclimated in high CO2 condition for about three months before testing the responses of cells to a full factorial matrix experimentation during a 7-day period. This study measured the variation in physiological parameters and hemolytic activity in 8 treatments, representing full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of exposure to CO2(400 and 1000 μatm), temperature (20 and 28 °C) and irradiance (50 and 200 μmol photons /m**2/s). Sustained growth of A. sanguinea occurred in all treatments, but high CO2 (HC) stimulated faster growth than low CO2 (LC). The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) decreased in all HC treatments. The quantum yield (Fv/Fm) declined slightly in all high-temperature (HT) treatments. High irradiance (HL) induced the accumulation of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVabc) irrespective of temperature and CO2. The hemolytic activity in the LC treatments, however, declined when exposed to HT and HL, but HC alleviated the adverse effects of HT and HL on hemolytic activity. All HC and HL conditions and the combinations of high temperature*high light (HTHL) and high CO2*high temperature*high light (HCHTHL) positively affected the growth in comparison to the low CO2*low temperature*low light (LCLTLL) treatment. High temperature (HT), high light (HL) and a combination of HT*HL, however, negatively impacted hemolytic activity. CO2 was the main factor that affected the growth and hemolytic activity. There were no significant interactive effects of CO2*temperature*irradiance on growth, pigment, Fv/Fm or hemolytic activity, but there were effects on Pm, α, and Ek. If these results are extrapolated to the natural environment, it can be hypothesized that A. sanguinea cells will benefit from the combination of ocean acidification, warming, and high irradiance that are likely to occur under future climate change. It is assumed that faster growth and higher hemolytic activity and UVabc of this species will occur under future conditions compared with those the current CO2 (400 μatm) and temperature (20 °C) co
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Here, this work report the results of a batch culture experiment conducted to study the interactive effects of elevated CO2, increased temperature and high irradiance on the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea, isolated at Dongtou Island, Eastern China Sea. The A. sanguineacells were acclimated in high CO2 condition for about three months before testing the responses of cells to a full factorial matrix experimentation during a 7-day period. This study measured the variation in physiological parameters and hemolytic activity in 8 treatments, representing full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of exposure to CO2(400 and 1000 μatm), temperature (20 and 28 °C) and irradiance (50 and 200 μmol photons /m**2/s). Sustained growth of A. sanguinea occurred in all treatments, but high CO2 (HC) stimulated faster growth than low CO2 (LC). The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) decreased in all HC treatments. The quantum yield (Fv/Fm) declined slightly in all high-temperature (HT) treatments. High irradiance (HL) induced the accumulation of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVabc) irrespective of temperature and CO2. The hemolytic activity in the LC treatments, however, declined when exposed to HT and HL, but HC alleviated the adverse effects of HT and HL on hemolytic activity. All HC and HL conditions and the combinations of high temperature*high light (HTHL) and high CO2*high temperature*high light (HCHTHL) positively affected the growth in comparison to the low CO2*low temperature*low light (LCLTLL) treatment. High temperature (HT), high light (HL) and a combination of HT*HL, however, negatively impacted hemolytic activity. CO2 was the main factor that affected the growth and hemolytic activity. There were no significant interactive effects of CO2*temperature*irradiance on growth, pigment, Fv/Fm or hemolytic activity, but there were effects on Pm, α, and Ek. If these results are extrapolated to the natural environment, it can be hypothesized that A. sanguinea cells will benefit from the combination of ocean acidification, warming, and high irradiance that are likely to occur under future climate change. It is assumed that faster growth and higher hemolytic activity and UVabc of this species will occur under future conditions compared with those the current CO2 (400 μatm) and temperature (20 °C) conditions.</description><identifier>DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.889140</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>PANGAEA</publisher><subject>Akashiwo sanguinea ; Alkalinity, total ; Aragonite saturation state ; Bicarbonate ion ; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation ; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition ; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (&lt;20 L) ; Calcite saturation state ; Calculated using CO2SYS ; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation ; Carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a, standard deviation ; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved ; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation ; Carbonate ion ; Carbonate ion, standard deviation ; Carbonate system computation flag ; Carotenoids per cell ; Carotenoids, standard deviation ; Chlorophyll a per cell ; Chlorophyll a, standard deviation ; Chromista ; Coast and continental shelf ; Experiment ; Experiment duration ; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) ; Growth rate ; Growth rate, standard deviation ; Growth/Morphology ; Haemolytic activity ; Haemolytic activity, standard deviation ; Irradiance ; Laboratory experiment ; Light ; Light saturation ; Light saturation, standard deviation ; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard deviation ; Myzozoa ; North Pacific ; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) ; Other studied parameter or process ; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) ; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation ; Pelagos ; pH, NBS scale ; pH, standard deviation ; pH, total scale ; Photochemical quantum yield ; Photosynthetic carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a ; Photosynthetic efficiency, carbon production ; Photosynthetic efficiency, standard deviation ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production/Photosynthesis ; Registration number of species ; Salinity ; Single species ; Species ; Temperate ; Temperature ; Temperature, water ; Treatment ; Type ; Uniform resource locator/link to reference</subject><creationdate>2017</creationdate><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0003-0427-9320</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>776,1888</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.889140$$EView_record_in_DataCite.org$$FView_record_in_$$GDataCite.org$$Hfree_for_read</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ou, Guanyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Si, Ranran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, WanChun</creatorcontrib><title>Seawater carbonate chemistry and photophysiology and hemolytic activity of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea</title><description>Due to global climate change, marine phytoplankton will likely experience low pH (ocean acidification), high temperatures and high irradiance in the future. Here, this work report the results of a batch culture experiment conducted to study the interactive effects of elevated CO2, increased temperature and high irradiance on the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea, isolated at Dongtou Island, Eastern China Sea. The A. sanguineacells were acclimated in high CO2 condition for about three months before testing the responses of cells to a full factorial matrix experimentation during a 7-day period. This study measured the variation in physiological parameters and hemolytic activity in 8 treatments, representing full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of exposure to CO2(400 and 1000 μatm), temperature (20 and 28 °C) and irradiance (50 and 200 μmol photons /m**2/s). Sustained growth of A. sanguinea occurred in all treatments, but high CO2 (HC) stimulated faster growth than low CO2 (LC). The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) decreased in all HC treatments. The quantum yield (Fv/Fm) declined slightly in all high-temperature (HT) treatments. High irradiance (HL) induced the accumulation of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVabc) irrespective of temperature and CO2. The hemolytic activity in the LC treatments, however, declined when exposed to HT and HL, but HC alleviated the adverse effects of HT and HL on hemolytic activity. All HC and HL conditions and the combinations of high temperature*high light (HTHL) and high CO2*high temperature*high light (HCHTHL) positively affected the growth in comparison to the low CO2*low temperature*low light (LCLTLL) treatment. High temperature (HT), high light (HL) and a combination of HT*HL, however, negatively impacted hemolytic activity. CO2 was the main factor that affected the growth and hemolytic activity. There were no significant interactive effects of CO2*temperature*irradiance on growth, pigment, Fv/Fm or hemolytic activity, but there were effects on Pm, α, and Ek. If these results are extrapolated to the natural environment, it can be hypothesized that A. sanguinea cells will benefit from the combination of ocean acidification, warming, and high irradiance that are likely to occur under future climate change. 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Wang, Hong ; Si, Ranran ; Guan, WanChun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-datacite_primary_10_1594_pangaea_8891403</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>datasets</rsrctype><prefilter>datasets</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Akashiwo sanguinea</topic><topic>Alkalinity, total</topic><topic>Aragonite saturation state</topic><topic>Bicarbonate ion</topic><topic>Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation</topic><topic>Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition</topic><topic>Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (&lt;20 L)</topic><topic>Calcite saturation state</topic><topic>Calculated using CO2SYS</topic><topic>Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al.</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide, standard deviation</topic><topic>Carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a, standard deviation</topic><topic>Carbon, inorganic, dissolved</topic><topic>Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation</topic><topic>Carbonate ion</topic><topic>Carbonate ion, standard deviation</topic><topic>Carbonate system computation flag</topic><topic>Carotenoids per cell</topic><topic>Carotenoids, standard deviation</topic><topic>Chlorophyll a per cell</topic><topic>Chlorophyll a, standard deviation</topic><topic>Chromista</topic><topic>Coast and continental shelf</topic><topic>Experiment</topic><topic>Experiment duration</topic><topic>Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)</topic><topic>Growth rate</topic><topic>Growth rate, standard deviation</topic><topic>Growth/Morphology</topic><topic>Haemolytic activity</topic><topic>Haemolytic activity, standard deviation</topic><topic>Irradiance</topic><topic>Laboratory experiment</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Light saturation</topic><topic>Light saturation, standard deviation</topic><topic>Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard deviation</topic><topic>Myzozoa</topic><topic>North Pacific</topic><topic>Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)</topic><topic>Other studied parameter or process</topic><topic>Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)</topic><topic>Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation</topic><topic>Pelagos</topic><topic>pH, NBS scale</topic><topic>pH, standard deviation</topic><topic>pH, total scale</topic><topic>Photochemical quantum yield</topic><topic>Photosynthetic carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a</topic><topic>Photosynthetic efficiency, carbon production</topic><topic>Photosynthetic efficiency, standard deviation</topic><topic>Phytoplankton</topic><topic>Primary production/Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Registration number of species</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Single species</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Temperate</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Temperature, water</topic><topic>Treatment</topic><topic>Type</topic><topic>Uniform resource locator/link to reference</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ou, Guanyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Si, Ranran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, WanChun</creatorcontrib><collection>DataCite (Open Access)</collection><collection>DataCite</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ou, Guanyong</au><au>Wang, Hong</au><au>Si, Ranran</au><au>Guan, WanChun</au><format>book</format><genre>unknown</genre><ristype>DATA</ristype><title>Seawater carbonate chemistry and photophysiology and hemolytic activity of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea</title><date>2017</date><risdate>2017</risdate><abstract>Due to global climate change, marine phytoplankton will likely experience low pH (ocean acidification), high temperatures and high irradiance in the future. Here, this work report the results of a batch culture experiment conducted to study the interactive effects of elevated CO2, increased temperature and high irradiance on the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea, isolated at Dongtou Island, Eastern China Sea. The A. sanguineacells were acclimated in high CO2 condition for about three months before testing the responses of cells to a full factorial matrix experimentation during a 7-day period. This study measured the variation in physiological parameters and hemolytic activity in 8 treatments, representing full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of exposure to CO2(400 and 1000 μatm), temperature (20 and 28 °C) and irradiance (50 and 200 μmol photons /m**2/s). Sustained growth of A. sanguinea occurred in all treatments, but high CO2 (HC) stimulated faster growth than low CO2 (LC). The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) decreased in all HC treatments. The quantum yield (Fv/Fm) declined slightly in all high-temperature (HT) treatments. High irradiance (HL) induced the accumulation of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVabc) irrespective of temperature and CO2. The hemolytic activity in the LC treatments, however, declined when exposed to HT and HL, but HC alleviated the adverse effects of HT and HL on hemolytic activity. All HC and HL conditions and the combinations of high temperature*high light (HTHL) and high CO2*high temperature*high light (HCHTHL) positively affected the growth in comparison to the low CO2*low temperature*low light (LCLTLL) treatment. High temperature (HT), high light (HL) and a combination of HT*HL, however, negatively impacted hemolytic activity. CO2 was the main factor that affected the growth and hemolytic activity. There were no significant interactive effects of CO2*temperature*irradiance on growth, pigment, Fv/Fm or hemolytic activity, but there were effects on Pm, α, and Ek. If these results are extrapolated to the natural environment, it can be hypothesized that A. sanguinea cells will benefit from the combination of ocean acidification, warming, and high irradiance that are likely to occur under future climate change. It is assumed that faster growth and higher hemolytic activity and UVabc of this species will occur under future conditions compared with those the current CO2 (400 μatm) and temperature (20 °C) conditions.</abstract><pub>PANGAEA</pub><doi>10.1594/pangaea.889140</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-9320</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier DOI: 10.1594/pangaea.889140
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subjects Akashiwo sanguinea
Alkalinity, total
Aragonite saturation state
Bicarbonate ion
Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation
Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition
Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)
Calcite saturation state
Calculated using CO2SYS
Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide, standard deviation
Carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a, standard deviation
Carbon, inorganic, dissolved
Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation
Carbonate ion
Carbonate ion, standard deviation
Carbonate system computation flag
Carotenoids per cell
Carotenoids, standard deviation
Chlorophyll a per cell
Chlorophyll a, standard deviation
Chromista
Coast and continental shelf
Experiment
Experiment duration
Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)
Growth rate
Growth rate, standard deviation
Growth/Morphology
Haemolytic activity
Haemolytic activity, standard deviation
Irradiance
Laboratory experiment
Light
Light saturation
Light saturation, standard deviation
Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II, standard deviation
Myzozoa
North Pacific
Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)
Other studied parameter or process
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation
Pelagos
pH, NBS scale
pH, standard deviation
pH, total scale
Photochemical quantum yield
Photosynthetic carbon fixation rate, per chlorophyll a
Photosynthetic efficiency, carbon production
Photosynthetic efficiency, standard deviation
Phytoplankton
Primary production/Photosynthesis
Registration number of species
Salinity
Single species
Species
Temperate
Temperature
Temperature, water
Treatment
Type
Uniform resource locator/link to reference
title Seawater carbonate chemistry and photophysiology and hemolytic activity of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea
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