Cool Steam Method for Desalinating Seawater
Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with substantially low energy consumption. LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and mak...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water (Basel) 2019-11, Vol.11 (11), p.2385 |
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| creator | Arnau, Pedro Navarro, Naeria Soraluce, Javier Martínez-Iglesias, Jose Illas, Jorge Oñate, Eugenio |
| description | Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with substantially low energy consumption. LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and making the most of low-grade heat sources (either natural or artificial) to evaporate water and then condensate it at a cooler heat sink. To perform the process, an external heat source is needed that provides the latent heat of evaporation and a temperature gradient to maintain the distillation cycle. Depending on the available temperature gradient, several stages can be implemented, leading to a multi-stage device. The cool steam device can thus be single or multi-stage, being raw water fed to every stage from the top and evaporated in contact with the warmer surface within the said stage. Acting as a heat carrier, the water vapor travels to the cooler surface and condensates in contact with it. The latent heat of condensation is then conducted through the conductive wall to the next stage. Net heat flux is then established from the heat source until the heat sink, allowing distilling water inside every parallel stage. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/w11112385 |
| format | Article |
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LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and making the most of low-grade heat sources (either natural or artificial) to evaporate water and then condensate it at a cooler heat sink. To perform the process, an external heat source is needed that provides the latent heat of evaporation and a temperature gradient to maintain the distillation cycle. Depending on the available temperature gradient, several stages can be implemented, leading to a multi-stage device. The cool steam device can thus be single or multi-stage, being raw water fed to every stage from the top and evaporated in contact with the warmer surface within the said stage. Acting as a heat carrier, the water vapor travels to the cooler surface and condensates in contact with it. The latent heat of condensation is then conducted through the conductive wall to the next stage. Net heat flux is then established from the heat source until the heat sink, allowing distilling water inside every parallel stage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4441</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/w11112385</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aigua salada ; Aquifers ; Climate change ; Condensates ; Cool Steam (CS) ; Desalination ; Desenvolupament humà i sostenible ; Dessalatge ; Distillation ; Distilled water ; Effluents ; Energy consumption ; Energy efficiency ; Enginyeria ambiental ; Evaporation ; Fresh water ; Freshwater production ; Heat ; Heat flux ; Heat of vaporization ; Heat sinks ; Latent heat ; Low temperature ; Low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD) ; Methods ; Multi-effect distillation (MED) ; Multi-stage flash (MSF) ; Raw water ; Renewable Energy (RE) ; Saline water conversion ; Sea-water ; Seawater ; Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) ; Steam ; Steam-heating ; Temperature gradients ; Thermal properties ; Tourism ; Tractament de l'aigua ; Vacuum distillation ; Waste heat ; Water shortages ; Water vapor ; Àrees temàtiques de la UPC</subject><ispartof>Water (Basel), 2019-11, Vol.11 (11), p.2385</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Attribution 3.0 Spain info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/</a></rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-9061b983e7bb02a79dafa5fc92061dd4dd1c62a1da79c63865b7313c09ab49053</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-9061b983e7bb02a79dafa5fc92061dd4dd1c62a1da79c63865b7313c09ab49053</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3718-8559</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,26953,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arnau, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navarro, Naeria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soraluce, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez-Iglesias, Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Illas, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oñate, Eugenio</creatorcontrib><title>Cool Steam Method for Desalinating Seawater</title><title>Water (Basel)</title><description>Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with substantially low energy consumption. LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and making the most of low-grade heat sources (either natural or artificial) to evaporate water and then condensate it at a cooler heat sink. To perform the process, an external heat source is needed that provides the latent heat of evaporation and a temperature gradient to maintain the distillation cycle. Depending on the available temperature gradient, several stages can be implemented, leading to a multi-stage device. The cool steam device can thus be single or multi-stage, being raw water fed to every stage from the top and evaporated in contact with the warmer surface within the said stage. Acting as a heat carrier, the water vapor travels to the cooler surface and condensates in contact with it. The latent heat of condensation is then conducted through the conductive wall to the next stage. Net heat flux is then established from the heat source until the heat sink, allowing distilling water inside every parallel stage.</description><subject>Aigua salada</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Condensates</subject><subject>Cool Steam (CS)</subject><subject>Desalination</subject><subject>Desenvolupament humà i sostenible</subject><subject>Dessalatge</subject><subject>Distillation</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Effluents</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>Enginyeria ambiental</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Fresh water</subject><subject>Freshwater production</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat flux</subject><subject>Heat of vaporization</subject><subject>Heat sinks</subject><subject>Latent heat</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD)</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Multi-effect distillation (MED)</subject><subject>Multi-stage flash (MSF)</subject><subject>Raw water</subject><subject>Renewable Energy (RE)</subject><subject>Saline water conversion</subject><subject>Sea-water</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)</subject><subject>Steam</subject><subject>Steam-heating</subject><subject>Temperature gradients</subject><subject>Thermal properties</subject><subject>Tourism</subject><subject>Tractament de l'aigua</subject><subject>Vacuum distillation</subject><subject>Waste heat</subject><subject>Water shortages</subject><subject>Water vapor</subject><subject>Àrees temàtiques de la UPC</subject><issn>2073-4441</issn><issn>2073-4441</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>XX2</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUEtLAzEQDqJgqT34DxY8iWzNczc5lvqEiofqOcwm2bplu6lJivjvTWlRZxjm8c03zAxClwRPGVP49otkoUyKEzSiuGYl55yc_ovP0STGNc7ClZQCj9DN3Pu-WCYHm-LFpQ9vi9aH4s5F6LsBUjesiqWDL0guXKCzFvroJkc_Ru8P92_zp3Lx-vg8ny1Kw2qWSoUr0ijJXN00mEKtLLQgWqNoBqzl1hJTUSA2Q6ZishJNzQgzWEHDFRZsjMhhrok7o4MzLhhI2kP3l-wtn0U1q0S-LHOuDpxt8J87F5Ne-10Y8pqaCoG5xKomuWt66FpB73Q3tD4FMFmt23TGD67tcn0mCRZY8arKhOvjKsHHGFyrt6HbQPjWBOv9z_Xvz9kP-t5wCg</recordid><startdate>20191101</startdate><enddate>20191101</enddate><creator>Arnau, Pedro</creator><creator>Navarro, Naeria</creator><creator>Soraluce, Javier</creator><creator>Martínez-Iglesias, Jose</creator><creator>Illas, Jorge</creator><creator>Oñate, Eugenio</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>XX2</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-8559</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191101</creationdate><title>Cool Steam Method for Desalinating Seawater</title><author>Arnau, Pedro ; Navarro, Naeria ; Soraluce, Javier ; Martínez-Iglesias, Jose ; Illas, Jorge ; Oñate, Eugenio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-9061b983e7bb02a79dafa5fc92061dd4dd1c62a1da79c63865b7313c09ab49053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aigua salada</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Condensates</topic><topic>Cool Steam (CS)</topic><topic>Desalination</topic><topic>Desenvolupament humà i sostenible</topic><topic>Dessalatge</topic><topic>Distillation</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Energy efficiency</topic><topic>Enginyeria ambiental</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Fresh water</topic><topic>Freshwater production</topic><topic>Heat</topic><topic>Heat flux</topic><topic>Heat of vaporization</topic><topic>Heat sinks</topic><topic>Latent heat</topic><topic>Low temperature</topic><topic>Low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD)</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Multi-effect distillation (MED)</topic><topic>Multi-stage flash (MSF)</topic><topic>Raw water</topic><topic>Renewable Energy (RE)</topic><topic>Saline water conversion</topic><topic>Sea-water</topic><topic>Seawater</topic><topic>Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)</topic><topic>Steam</topic><topic>Steam-heating</topic><topic>Temperature gradients</topic><topic>Thermal properties</topic><topic>Tourism</topic><topic>Tractament de l'aigua</topic><topic>Vacuum distillation</topic><topic>Waste heat</topic><topic>Water shortages</topic><topic>Water vapor</topic><topic>Àrees temàtiques de la UPC</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Arnau, Pedro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navarro, Naeria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soraluce, Javier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez-Iglesias, Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Illas, Jorge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oñate, Eugenio</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Recercat</collection><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arnau, Pedro</au><au>Navarro, Naeria</au><au>Soraluce, Javier</au><au>Martínez-Iglesias, Jose</au><au>Illas, Jorge</au><au>Oñate, Eugenio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cool Steam Method for Desalinating Seawater</atitle><jtitle>Water (Basel)</jtitle><date>2019-11-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2385</spage><pages>2385-</pages><issn>2073-4441</issn><eissn>2073-4441</eissn><abstract>Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with substantially low energy consumption. LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and making the most of low-grade heat sources (either natural or artificial) to evaporate water and then condensate it at a cooler heat sink. To perform the process, an external heat source is needed that provides the latent heat of evaporation and a temperature gradient to maintain the distillation cycle. Depending on the available temperature gradient, several stages can be implemented, leading to a multi-stage device. The cool steam device can thus be single or multi-stage, being raw water fed to every stage from the top and evaporated in contact with the warmer surface within the said stage. Acting as a heat carrier, the water vapor travels to the cooler surface and condensates in contact with it. The latent heat of condensation is then conducted through the conductive wall to the next stage. Net heat flux is then established from the heat source until the heat sink, allowing distilling water inside every parallel stage.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/w11112385</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-8559</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Recercat |
| subjects | Aigua salada Aquifers Climate change Condensates Cool Steam (CS) Desalination Desenvolupament humà i sostenible Dessalatge Distillation Distilled water Effluents Energy consumption Energy efficiency Enginyeria ambiental Evaporation Fresh water Freshwater production Heat Heat flux Heat of vaporization Heat sinks Latent heat Low temperature Low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD) Methods Multi-effect distillation (MED) Multi-stage flash (MSF) Raw water Renewable Energy (RE) Saline water conversion Sea-water Seawater Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) Steam Steam-heating Temperature gradients Thermal properties Tourism Tractament de l'aigua Vacuum distillation Waste heat Water shortages Water vapor Àrees temàtiques de la UPC |
| title | Cool Steam Method for Desalinating Seawater |
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