Anomalously low dielectric constant of confined water
The dielectric constant ε of interfacial water has been predicted to be smaller than that of bulk water (ε ≈ 80) because the rotational freedom of water dipoles is expected to decrease near surfaces, yet experimental evidence is lacking. We report local capacitance measurements for water confined be...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2018-06, Vol.360 (6395), p.1339-1342 |
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| creator | Fumagalli, L Esfandiar, A Fabregas, R Hu, S Ares, P Janardanan, A Yang, Q Radha, B Taniguchi, T Watanabe, K Gomila, G Novoselov, K S Geim, A K |
| description | The dielectric constant ε of interfacial water has been predicted to be smaller than that of bulk water (ε ≈ 80) because the rotational freedom of water dipoles is expected to decrease near surfaces, yet experimental evidence is lacking. We report local capacitance measurements for water confined between two atomically flat walls separated by various distances down to 1 nanometer. Our experiments reveal the presence of an interfacial layer with vanishingly small polarization such that its out-of-plane ε is only ~2. The electrically dead layer is found to be two to three molecules thick. These results provide much-needed feedback for theories describing water-mediated surface interactions and the behavior of interfacial water, and show a way to investigate the dielectric properties of other fluids and solids under extreme confinement. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.aat4191 |
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We report local capacitance measurements for water confined between two atomically flat walls separated by various distances down to 1 nanometer. Our experiments reveal the presence of an interfacial layer with vanishingly small polarization such that its out-of-plane ε is only ~2. The electrically dead layer is found to be two to three molecules thick. These results provide much-needed feedback for theories describing water-mediated surface interactions and the behavior of interfacial water, and show a way to investigate the dielectric properties of other fluids and solids under extreme confinement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4191</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29930134</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Atomic force microscopy ; Boron ; Boron nitride ; Capacitance ; Channels ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Constants físiques ; Dielectric constant ; Dielectric properties ; Electrical properties ; Molecular chains ; Permittivity ; Physical constants ; Química de l'aigua ; Rotation ; Water ; Water chemistry</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2018-06, Vol.360 (6395), p.1339-1342</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works</rights><rights>(c) Fumagalli, Laura, 1959- et al., 2018 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-f76a7e92d91df522d7da9052035e26d60f0784301dea389c2258bbbd5ee73d1f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-f76a7e92d91df522d7da9052035e26d60f0784301dea389c2258bbbd5ee73d1f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2861-8331 ; 0000-0001-5905-540X ; 0000-0003-4972-5371 ; 0000-0003-1749-2905 ; 0000-0002-6203-7867 ; 0000-0003-2410-0252 ; 0000-0003-3701-8119 ; 0000-0002-3751-8853 ; 0000-0003-1345-7029 ; 0000-0002-5104-7402 ; 0000-0002-1949-1757</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,2871,2872,26951,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29930134$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fumagalli, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esfandiar, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabregas, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ares, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Janardanan, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Q</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radha, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taniguchi, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomila, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Novoselov, K S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geim, A K</creatorcontrib><title>Anomalously low dielectric constant of confined water</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>The dielectric constant ε of interfacial water has been predicted to be smaller than that of bulk water (ε ≈ 80) because the rotational freedom of water dipoles is expected to decrease near surfaces, yet experimental evidence is lacking. We report local capacitance measurements for water confined between two atomically flat walls separated by various distances down to 1 nanometer. Our experiments reveal the presence of an interfacial layer with vanishingly small polarization such that its out-of-plane ε is only ~2. The electrically dead layer is found to be two to three molecules thick. These results provide much-needed feedback for theories describing water-mediated surface interactions and the behavior of interfacial water, and show a way to investigate the dielectric properties of other fluids and solids under extreme confinement.</description><subject>Atomic force microscopy</subject><subject>Boron</subject><subject>Boron nitride</subject><subject>Capacitance</subject><subject>Channels</subject><subject>Computational fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Constants físiques</subject><subject>Dielectric constant</subject><subject>Dielectric properties</subject><subject>Electrical properties</subject><subject>Molecular chains</subject><subject>Permittivity</subject><subject>Physical constants</subject><subject>Química de l'aigua</subject><subject>Rotation</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water 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Academic</collection><collection>Recercat</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fumagalli, L</au><au>Esfandiar, A</au><au>Fabregas, R</au><au>Hu, S</au><au>Ares, P</au><au>Janardanan, A</au><au>Yang, Q</au><au>Radha, B</au><au>Taniguchi, T</au><au>Watanabe, K</au><au>Gomila, G</au><au>Novoselov, K S</au><au>Geim, A K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anomalously low dielectric constant of confined water</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2018-06-22</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>360</volume><issue>6395</issue><spage>1339</spage><epage>1342</epage><pages>1339-1342</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><abstract>The dielectric constant ε of interfacial water has been predicted to be smaller than that of bulk water (ε ≈ 80) because the rotational freedom of water dipoles is expected to decrease near surfaces, yet experimental evidence is lacking. We report local capacitance measurements for water confined between two atomically flat walls separated by various distances down to 1 nanometer. Our experiments reveal the presence of an interfacial layer with vanishingly small polarization such that its out-of-plane ε is only ~2. The electrically dead layer is found to be two to three molecules thick. These results provide much-needed feedback for theories describing water-mediated surface interactions and the behavior of interfacial water, and show a way to investigate the dielectric properties of other fluids and solids under extreme confinement.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>The American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>29930134</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.aat4191</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2861-8331</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-540X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-5371</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1749-2905</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6203-7867</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-0252</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-8853</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1345-7029</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-7402</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-1757</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | American Association for the Advancement of Science; Jstor Complete Legacy; Recercat |
| subjects | Atomic force microscopy Boron Boron nitride Capacitance Channels Computational fluid dynamics Constants físiques Dielectric constant Dielectric properties Electrical properties Molecular chains Permittivity Physical constants Química de l'aigua Rotation Water Water chemistry |
| title | Anomalously low dielectric constant of confined water |
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