Current Status and Options for Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

The incidence of degenerative spinal diseases in the Japanese population has markedly risen in recent years, owing to the demographic shift towards an aging population. Hence, the frequency of surgical interventions for degenerative spinal conditions has increased. Recently, minimally invasive procedures are also being considered as viable options for older patients who may have previously been considered as poor candidates for surgery. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is one of the most prevalent degenerative spinal disorders. Its pathological mechanism encompasses both static and dynamic factors, and contributes to spinal cord compression and gradual alteration of anatomical structures associated with aging. This mechanism differs significantly from that of intracranial diseases, and must be considered by neurosurgeons during diagnosis and treatment of degenerative spinal conditions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current surgical options for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, with an emphasis on the diversity of options that currently exist.