Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide nanoemulsion via activation of P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway and regulation of Th1/Th2 Cytokines
Nanoemulsions (NE) are used widely in pharmaceutical drug formulations and vaccine preparation, and Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide (ASPS) is a natural bioactive compound with immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, NE-loaded ASPS is expected to provide immunological enhancement for effective...
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| creator | Li, Xianghui Zhang, Zhiqiang Guo, Zhenhuan Zhao, Li Liu, Yonglu Ma, Xia He, Qigai |
| description | Nanoemulsions (NE) are used widely in pharmaceutical drug formulations and vaccine preparation, and Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide (ASPS) is a natural bioactive compound with immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, NE-loaded ASPS is expected to provide immunological enhancement for effective treatment. In the present study, Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide (ASPS was encapsulated into nanoemulsions, the resultant ASPS-NE were coated with a negative charge, and the immune enhancement mechanism of these ASPS-NE formulations was analyzed. The immunosuppressive animal models (70 ICR mice, male) for the study were established using cyclophosphamide. In addition, the activation of splenocyte proliferation, phagocytosis of the macrophages, the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+), the concentrations of the cytokines in serum, Western blot analysis was used for the analysis of the P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway in the peritoneal macrophage s. The results revealed that the ASPS-NE could stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes and enhance immunity. The ASPS-NE induced the expression of different cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6), could activate the expressions of P65, JNK, and ikk alpha, and regulated the Th1/Th2 cytokines. These findings demonstrated the potential of ASPS-NE formulations for drug delivery and to induce potent and sustained immune responses. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7717/peerj.12575 |
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Therefore, NE-loaded ASPS is expected to provide immunological enhancement for effective treatment. In the present study, Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide (ASPS was encapsulated into nanoemulsions, the resultant ASPS-NE were coated with a negative charge, and the immune enhancement mechanism of these ASPS-NE formulations was analyzed. The immunosuppressive animal models (70 ICR mice, male) for the study were established using cyclophosphamide. In addition, the activation of splenocyte proliferation, phagocytosis of the macrophages, the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+), the concentrations of the cytokines in serum, Western blot analysis was used for the analysis of the P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway in the peritoneal macrophage s. The results revealed that the ASPS-NE could stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes and enhance immunity. The ASPS-NE induced the expression of different cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6), could activate the expressions of P65, JNK, and ikk alpha, and regulated the Th1/Th2 cytokines. These findings demonstrated the potential of ASPS-NE formulations for drug delivery and to induce potent and sustained immune responses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2167-8359</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2167-8359</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12575</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35036126</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Peerj Inc</publisher><subject>Acanthopanax ; Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide ; Animal models ; Aqueous solutions ; Bioactive compounds ; CD4 antigen ; CD8 antigen ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytokines ; Drug delivery ; Drug dosages ; Emulsions ; Ethanol ; Immune response ; Immune responses ; Immunological enhancement ; Immunology ; Immunomodulation ; Immunostimulation ; Interleukin 2 ; Interleukin 6 ; Laboratory animals ; Lymphocytes T ; Macrophages ; Molecular Biology ; Morphology ; Multidisciplinary Sciences ; Nanoemulsion ; Nanoemulsions ; Particle size ; Phagocytosis ; Polysaccharides ; Pseudo-ternary phase diagram ; Reagents ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Signal transduction ; Splenocytes ; Surfactants ; T lymphocyte ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Veterinary Medicine ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA), 2021-12, Vol.9, p.e12575-e12575, Article 12575</ispartof><rights>2021 Li et al.</rights><rights>2021 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. 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The ASPS-NE induced the expression of different cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6), could activate the expressions of P65, JNK, and ikk alpha, and regulated the Th1/Th2 cytokines. These findings demonstrated the potential of ASPS-NE formulations for drug delivery and to induce potent and sustained immune responses.</description><subject>Acanthopanax</subject><subject>Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Bioactive compounds</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>Cyclophosphamide</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Drug delivery</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Emulsions</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune responses</subject><subject>Immunological enhancement</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Immunomodulation</subject><subject>Immunostimulation</subject><subject>Interleukin 2</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Molecular Biology</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Multidisciplinary Sciences</subject><subject>Nanoemulsion</subject><subject>Nanoemulsions</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Phagocytosis</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Pseudo-ternary phase diagram</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Splenocytes</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>T lymphocyte</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Veterinary Medicine</subject><subject>γ-Interferon</subject><issn>2167-8359</issn><issn>2167-8359</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkktv1DAQxyMEolXpiTuyxAUJbdd2HnYuSNWKR6E8DuUcTZzxxruJHexky34xPh_eB6XlhC9-_eY_o5l_kjxn9EIIJuYDol9dMJ6L_FFyylkhZjLNy8f3zifJeQgrGpfkBZXp0-QkzWlaMF6cJr8-g_JuaGGJxPT9ZF3vmqmD0fktATWajRm3xGlyqcCOrRvAwk8S0I5GuSlMgQyu2wZQqgVvGiQWrMN-6oJxlmwMHERg3F2jzLcin3_88mlu1msCXcxLglla6IxdkgHG9hZiWtsQj8tdFceom5bNb1pOFtvRrY3F8Cx5oqELeH7cz5Lv797eLD7Mrr--v1pcXs9UJvJx1lCqGArUVFOha401ZznHRjKWcS55A7WspYBaAJNMYp1qBirPZAEiSxtMz5Krg27jYFUN3vTgt5UDU-0fnF9W4GMrOqwywbHUpaYplhmktC65TlWpFTAokULUenPQGqa6x0bFHnroHog-_LGmrZZuU0nBGBcyCrw6Cnj3Y8IwVr0JCrsOLMZZVLzgVOSC0SKiL_9BV27ysc87iqUZlRnbUa8PVLRACB71XTGMVjt7VXt7VXt7RfrF_frv2D9mioA8ALdYOx2UQavwDov-E2lRCpbvrMgXZtyPd-EmO_6t5H9C09-c4PH3</recordid><startdate>20211224</startdate><enddate>20211224</enddate><creator>Li, Xianghui</creator><creator>Zhang, Zhiqiang</creator><creator>Guo, Zhenhuan</creator><creator>Zhao, Li</creator><creator>Liu, Yonglu</creator><creator>Ma, Xia</creator><creator>He, Qigai</creator><general>Peerj Inc</general><general>PeerJ, Inc</general><general>PeerJ Inc</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211224</creationdate><title>Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide nanoemulsion via activation of P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway and regulation of Th1/Th2 Cytokines</title><author>Li, Xianghui ; Zhang, Zhiqiang ; Guo, Zhenhuan ; Zhao, Li ; Liu, Yonglu ; Ma, Xia ; He, Qigai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-d00c1e7ef0f07fbfeb2152ed81142282dab8b87ab7a1818eb3f1ac5486a743de3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acanthopanax</topic><topic>Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide</topic><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Bioactive compounds</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>Cyclophosphamide</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Drug delivery</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Emulsions</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune responses</topic><topic>Immunological enhancement</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Immunomodulation</topic><topic>Immunostimulation</topic><topic>Interleukin 2</topic><topic>Interleukin 6</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Molecular Biology</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Multidisciplinary Sciences</topic><topic>Nanoemulsion</topic><topic>Nanoemulsions</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Phagocytosis</topic><topic>Polysaccharides</topic><topic>Pseudo-ternary phase diagram</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Science & Technology - Other Topics</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Splenocytes</topic><topic>Surfactants</topic><topic>T lymphocyte</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Veterinary Medicine</topic><topic>γ-Interferon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Xianghui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhiqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Zhenhuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yonglu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Qigai</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Xianghui</au><au>Zhang, Zhiqiang</au><au>Guo, Zhenhuan</au><au>Zhao, Li</au><au>Liu, Yonglu</au><au>Ma, Xia</au><au>He, Qigai</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide nanoemulsion via activation of P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway and regulation of Th1/Th2 Cytokines</atitle><jtitle>PeerJ (San Francisco, CA)</jtitle><stitle>PEERJ</stitle><addtitle>PeerJ</addtitle><date>2021-12-24</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>9</volume><spage>e12575</spage><epage>e12575</epage><pages>e12575-e12575</pages><artnum>12575</artnum><artnum>e12575</artnum><issn>2167-8359</issn><eissn>2167-8359</eissn><abstract>Nanoemulsions (NE) are used widely in pharmaceutical drug formulations and vaccine preparation, and Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide (ASPS) is a natural bioactive compound with immunostimulatory activity. Therefore, NE-loaded ASPS is expected to provide immunological enhancement for effective treatment. In the present study, Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide (ASPS was encapsulated into nanoemulsions, the resultant ASPS-NE were coated with a negative charge, and the immune enhancement mechanism of these ASPS-NE formulations was analyzed. The immunosuppressive animal models (70 ICR mice, male) for the study were established using cyclophosphamide. In addition, the activation of splenocyte proliferation, phagocytosis of the macrophages, the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+), the concentrations of the cytokines in serum, Western blot analysis was used for the analysis of the P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway in the peritoneal macrophage s. The results revealed that the ASPS-NE could stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes and enhance immunity. The ASPS-NE induced the expression of different cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6), could activate the expressions of P65, JNK, and ikk alpha, and regulated the Th1/Th2 cytokines. These findings demonstrated the potential of ASPS-NE formulations for drug delivery and to induce potent and sustained immune responses.</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Peerj Inc</pub><pmid>35036126</pmid><doi>10.7717/peerj.12575</doi><tpages>18</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acanthopanax Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide Animal models Aqueous solutions Bioactive compounds CD4 antigen CD8 antigen Cyclophosphamide Cytokines Drug delivery Drug dosages Emulsions Ethanol Immune response Immune responses Immunological enhancement Immunology Immunomodulation Immunostimulation Interleukin 2 Interleukin 6 Laboratory animals Lymphocytes T Macrophages Molecular Biology Morphology Multidisciplinary Sciences Nanoemulsion Nanoemulsions Particle size Phagocytosis Polysaccharides Pseudo-ternary phase diagram Reagents Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Signal transduction Splenocytes Surfactants T lymphocyte Tumor necrosis factor-α Veterinary Medicine γ-Interferon |
| title | Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticousus polysaccharide nanoemulsion via activation of P65/JNK/ikk alpha signaling pathway and regulation of Th1/Th2 Cytokines |
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