Low-level of HIV-1 Seroreversion among People on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Implications for Clinical Monitoring in Resource-limited Settings

Low-level of HIV-1 Seroreversion among People on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Implications for Clinical Monitoring in Resource-limited Settings

Background: Initiating early HIV treatment results to sustained viral suppression, reduced viral reservoirs and prompt immune reconstitution that may lead to HIV seronegativity (seroreversion). Seroreversion can be misinterpreted, leading to inappropriate clinical considerations. We thus sought to d...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of biomedical science 2023-06, Vol.19 (2), p.31-36
Hauptverfasser: Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu, Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang, Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou, Ngoufack, Marie Nicole, Fokam, Joseph, Ndjolo, Alexis, Sosso, Samuel Martin, Nka, Alex Durand, Kamgaing, Rachel, Fainguem, Nadine, Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko, Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji, Tiga, Aline, Elong, Elise
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 31
container_title International journal of biomedical science
container_volume 19
creator Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu
Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang
Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou
Ngoufack, Marie Nicole
Fokam, Joseph
Ndjolo, Alexis
Sosso, Samuel Martin
Nka, Alex Durand
Kamgaing, Rachel
Fainguem, Nadine
Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko
Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji
Tiga, Aline
Elong, Elise
description Background: Initiating early HIV treatment results to sustained viral suppression, reduced viral reservoirs and prompt immune reconstitution that may lead to HIV seronegativity (seroreversion). Seroreversion can be misinterpreted, leading to inappropriate clinical considerations. We thus sought to determine the HIV seroreversion among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced Cameroonians. Method: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among ART-experienced individuals with undetectable plasma viral load (less than 40 copies/mL) in 2019 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre in Yaounde-Cameroon. On all blood samples, HIV antibody testing was performed using two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On non-reactive samples, proviral DNA was tested on on dried blood spots (DBS) specimens. Results: Of the 546 participants on ART (median ART duration : 5 years) and all experiencing a successful ART (VL
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Seroreversion can be misinterpreted, leading to inappropriate clinical considerations. We thus sought to determine the HIV seroreversion among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced Cameroonians. Method: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among ART-experienced individuals with undetectable plasma viral load (less than 40 copies/mL) in 2019 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre in Yaounde-Cameroon. On all blood samples, HIV antibody testing was performed using two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On non-reactive samples, proviral DNA was tested on on dried blood spots (DBS) specimens. Results: Of the 546 participants on ART (median ART duration : 5 years) and all experiencing a successful ART (VL&lt;40 copies/ml), only 01% (5/546) had shown HIV negative results. Of these five non-reactive cases, only one case (0.18%) was non-reactive to HIV RDTs but reactive to ELISA, and four cases (0.72%) were non-reactive to both RDTs and ELISA. These four samples were also negative for HIV proviral DNA, indicating potential absence of infection or an optimal control of viral replication. Conclusion: Seroreversion of HIV-1 infection is possible but may occur rarely among HIV-infected Cameroonians who are on successful ART. The few cases of HIV negativity on serology and DBS-PCR (proviral DNA) underscores the need for deeper HIV proviral DNA testing (on PBMC) to guide either continuous ART, detect possible functional cure, or events of HIV misdiagnosis in an era of declining prevalence.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1550-9702</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1555-2810</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.59566/IJBS.2023.19031</identifier><language>eng</language><ispartof>International journal of biomedical science, 2023-06, Vol.19 (2), p.31-36</ispartof><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27913,27914</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngoufack, Marie Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fokam, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndjolo, Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sosso, Samuel Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nka, Alex Durand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamgaing, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fainguem, Nadine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiga, Aline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elong, Elise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS prevention and Management, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>School of Health Science, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><title>Low-level of HIV-1 Seroreversion among People on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Implications for Clinical Monitoring in Resource-limited Settings</title><title>International journal of biomedical science</title><description>Background: Initiating early HIV treatment results to sustained viral suppression, reduced viral reservoirs and prompt immune reconstitution that may lead to HIV seronegativity (seroreversion). Seroreversion can be misinterpreted, leading to inappropriate clinical considerations. We thus sought to determine the HIV seroreversion among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced Cameroonians. Method: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among ART-experienced individuals with undetectable plasma viral load (less than 40 copies/mL) in 2019 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre in Yaounde-Cameroon. On all blood samples, HIV antibody testing was performed using two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On non-reactive samples, proviral DNA was tested on on dried blood spots (DBS) specimens. Results: Of the 546 participants on ART (median ART duration : 5 years) and all experiencing a successful ART (VL&lt;40 copies/ml), only 01% (5/546) had shown HIV negative results. Of these five non-reactive cases, only one case (0.18%) was non-reactive to HIV RDTs but reactive to ELISA, and four cases (0.72%) were non-reactive to both RDTs and ELISA. These four samples were also negative for HIV proviral DNA, indicating potential absence of infection or an optimal control of viral replication. Conclusion: Seroreversion of HIV-1 infection is possible but may occur rarely among HIV-infected Cameroonians who are on successful ART. The few cases of HIV negativity on serology and DBS-PCR (proviral DNA) underscores the need for deeper HIV proviral DNA testing (on PBMC) to guide either continuous ART, detect possible functional cure, or events of HIV misdiagnosis in an era of declining prevalence.</description><issn>1550-9702</issn><issn>1555-2810</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdkN1KxDAQhYMouP7cezkv0Jq0tFrvtChbURC7eFtCnWokzZRJurKP45uaLT6BVzNzhnM4fEJcKJkWVVGWl83jXZtmMstTVclcHYiVKooiya6VPFx2mVRXMjsWJ95_SVmUmcpW4ueJvhOLW7RAA6ybt0RBi0wcJfaGHOiR3Ae8IE0WId7t3Pfo_TBbuHXBMAamrWFtYfOJrKcdGAe1HmMIuRtoxsmaXocY5WEghtoaFwULz-RMIDYxPTpe0dPMPSbWjCbge2wRQvz5M3E0aOvx_G-eCvlwv6nXSc_kPePQTWxGzbtOyW5B0e1RdHsU3YIi_4flFwsvajw</recordid><startdate>20230615</startdate><enddate>20230615</enddate><creator>Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu</creator><creator>Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang</creator><creator>Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou</creator><creator>Ngoufack, Marie Nicole</creator><creator>Fokam, Joseph</creator><creator>Ndjolo, Alexis</creator><creator>Sosso, Samuel Martin</creator><creator>Nka, Alex Durand</creator><creator>Kamgaing, Rachel</creator><creator>Fainguem, Nadine</creator><creator>Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko</creator><creator>Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji</creator><creator>Tiga, Aline</creator><creator>Elong, Elise</creator><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230615</creationdate><title>Low-level of HIV-1 Seroreversion among People on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Implications for Clinical Monitoring in Resource-limited Settings</title><author>Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu ; Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang ; Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou ; Ngoufack, Marie Nicole ; Fokam, Joseph ; Ndjolo, Alexis ; Sosso, Samuel Martin ; Nka, Alex Durand ; Kamgaing, Rachel ; Fainguem, Nadine ; Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko ; Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji ; Tiga, Aline ; Elong, Elise</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-crossref_primary_10_59566_IJBS_2023_190313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngoufack, Marie Nicole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fokam, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndjolo, Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sosso, Samuel Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nka, Alex Durand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamgaing, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fainguem, Nadine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiga, Aline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elong, Elise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS prevention and Management, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>School of Health Science, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>International journal of biomedical science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nkenfou, Celine Nguefeu</au><au>Nguedjo, Rodrigue Battista Tegang</au><au>Kampa, Blandine Nkenfou</au><au>Ngoufack, Marie Nicole</au><au>Fokam, Joseph</au><au>Ndjolo, Alexis</au><au>Sosso, Samuel Martin</au><au>Nka, Alex Durand</au><au>Kamgaing, Rachel</au><au>Fainguem, Nadine</au><au>Yatchou, Laeticia Grace Heunko</au><au>Kameni, Joel Josephine Kadji</au><au>Tiga, Aline</au><au>Elong, Elise</au><aucorp>Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS prevention and Management, Yaounde, Cameroon</aucorp><aucorp>Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</aucorp><aucorp>Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon</aucorp><aucorp>Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon</aucorp><aucorp>Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon</aucorp><aucorp>School of Health Science, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low-level of HIV-1 Seroreversion among People on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Implications for Clinical Monitoring in Resource-limited Settings</atitle><jtitle>International journal of biomedical science</jtitle><date>2023-06-15</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>31</spage><epage>36</epage><pages>31-36</pages><issn>1550-9702</issn><eissn>1555-2810</eissn><abstract>Background: Initiating early HIV treatment results to sustained viral suppression, reduced viral reservoirs and prompt immune reconstitution that may lead to HIV seronegativity (seroreversion). Seroreversion can be misinterpreted, leading to inappropriate clinical considerations. We thus sought to determine the HIV seroreversion among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced Cameroonians. Method: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among ART-experienced individuals with undetectable plasma viral load (less than 40 copies/mL) in 2019 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre in Yaounde-Cameroon. On all blood samples, HIV antibody testing was performed using two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On non-reactive samples, proviral DNA was tested on on dried blood spots (DBS) specimens. Results: Of the 546 participants on ART (median ART duration : 5 years) and all experiencing a successful ART (VL&lt;40 copies/ml), only 01% (5/546) had shown HIV negative results. Of these five non-reactive cases, only one case (0.18%) was non-reactive to HIV RDTs but reactive to ELISA, and four cases (0.72%) were non-reactive to both RDTs and ELISA. These four samples were also negative for HIV proviral DNA, indicating potential absence of infection or an optimal control of viral replication. Conclusion: Seroreversion of HIV-1 infection is possible but may occur rarely among HIV-infected Cameroonians who are on successful ART. The few cases of HIV negativity on serology and DBS-PCR (proviral DNA) underscores the need for deeper HIV proviral DNA testing (on PBMC) to guide either continuous ART, detect possible functional cure, or events of HIV misdiagnosis in an era of declining prevalence.</abstract><doi>10.59566/IJBS.2023.19031</doi></addata></record>
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title Low-level of HIV-1 Seroreversion among People on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon: Implications for Clinical Monitoring in Resource-limited Settings
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