Subglottic Stenosis: Current Concepts and Recent Advances

Subglottic stenosis is considered one of the most complex and challenging aspects of pediatric otolaryngology, with the most common etiology being prolonged endotracheal intubation. The surgical treatment of SGS can be either endoscopic or open, but recent advances have pushed the limits of the endoscopic approach so that in practice an open laryngotracheal surgical approach is considered only after failed attempts with an endoscopic approach. In this review we discuss these advances, along with current concepts regarding the diagnosis and treatment of subglottic stenosis in children..