The Core Population and Kinematics of a Massive Clump at Early Stages: An Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array View
High-mass star formation theories make distinct predictions on the properties of the prestellar seeds of high-mass stars. Observations of the early stages of high-mass star formation can provide crucial constraints, but they are challenging and scarce. We investigate the properties of the prestellar...
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description | High-mass star formation theories make distinct predictions on the properties of the prestellar seeds of high-mass stars. Observations of the early stages of high-mass star formation can provide crucial constraints, but they are challenging and scarce. We investigate the properties of the prestellar core population embedded in the high-mass clump AGAL014.492-00.139, and we study the kinematics at the clump and clump-to-core scales. We have analyzed an extensive data set acquired with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array interferometer. Applying a dendrogram analysis to the Band 7 o‐H
2
D
+
data, we identified 22 cores. We fitted their average spectra in local thermodinamic equilibrium conditions, and we analyzed their continuum emission at 0.8 mm. The cores have transonic to mildly supersonic turbulence levels and appear to be mostly low-mass, with
M
core
<
30
M
⊙
. Furthermore, we have analyzed Band 3 observations of the N
2
H
+
(1–0) transition, which traces the large-scale gas kinematics. Using a friend-of-friend algorithm, we identify four main velocity coherent structures, all of which are associated with prestellar and protostellar cores. One of them presents a filament-like structure, and our observations could be consistent with mass accretion toward one of the protostars. In this case, we estimate a mass accretion rate of
M
̇
acc
≈
2
×
10
−
4
M
⊙
yr
−
1
. Our results support a clump-fed accretion scenario in the target source. The cores in the prestellar stage are essentially low-mass, and they appear to be subvirial and gravitationally bound, unless further support is available, for instance, due to magnetic fields. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/ac85b4 |
format | Article |
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2
D
+
data, we identified 22 cores. We fitted their average spectra in local thermodinamic equilibrium conditions, and we analyzed their continuum emission at 0.8 mm. The cores have transonic to mildly supersonic turbulence levels and appear to be mostly low-mass, with
M
core
<
30
M
⊙
. Furthermore, we have analyzed Band 3 observations of the N
2
H
+
(1–0) transition, which traces the large-scale gas kinematics. Using a friend-of-friend algorithm, we identify four main velocity coherent structures, all of which are associated with prestellar and protostellar cores. One of them presents a filament-like structure, and our observations could be consistent with mass accretion toward one of the protostars. In this case, we estimate a mass accretion rate of
M
̇
acc
≈
2
×
10
−
4
M
⊙
yr
−
1
. Our results support a clump-fed accretion scenario in the target source. The cores in the prestellar stage are essentially low-mass, and they appear to be subvirial and gravitationally bound, unless further support is available, for instance, due to magnetic fields.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac85b4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Algorithms ; Arrays ; Astrochemistry ; Astrophysics ; Continuum radiation ; Cores ; Data acquisition ; Deposition ; Emission analysis ; Equilibrium conditions ; Interferometry ; Interstellar line emission ; Kinematics ; Magnetic fields ; Massive stars ; Protostars ; Radio telescopes ; Star & galaxy formation ; Star formation ; Star forming regions</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2022-09, Vol.936 (2), p.169</ispartof><rights>2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-cd9c7b40db5cfbcf50f25ea3f55edb6da2167e297a7d179e6c2e6dece16d69ea3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-cd9c7b40db5cfbcf50f25ea3f55edb6da2167e297a7d179e6c2e6dece16d69ea3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6752-6061 ; 0000-0003-2814-6688 ; 0000-0002-0528-8125 ; 0000-0002-7125-7685 ; 0000-0002-6428-9806 ; 0000-0003-1481-7911 ; 0000-0003-1275-5251</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac85b4/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,865,27929,27930,38895,53872</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Redaelli, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovino, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanhueza, Patricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morii, Kaho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabatini, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caselli, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giannetti, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shanghuo</creatorcontrib><title>The Core Population and Kinematics of a Massive Clump at Early Stages: An Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array View</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>High-mass star formation theories make distinct predictions on the properties of the prestellar seeds of high-mass stars. Observations of the early stages of high-mass star formation can provide crucial constraints, but they are challenging and scarce. We investigate the properties of the prestellar core population embedded in the high-mass clump AGAL014.492-00.139, and we study the kinematics at the clump and clump-to-core scales. We have analyzed an extensive data set acquired with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array interferometer. Applying a dendrogram analysis to the Band 7 o‐H
2
D
+
data, we identified 22 cores. We fitted their average spectra in local thermodinamic equilibrium conditions, and we analyzed their continuum emission at 0.8 mm. The cores have transonic to mildly supersonic turbulence levels and appear to be mostly low-mass, with
M
core
<
30
M
⊙
. Furthermore, we have analyzed Band 3 observations of the N
2
H
+
(1–0) transition, which traces the large-scale gas kinematics. Using a friend-of-friend algorithm, we identify four main velocity coherent structures, all of which are associated with prestellar and protostellar cores. One of them presents a filament-like structure, and our observations could be consistent with mass accretion toward one of the protostars. In this case, we estimate a mass accretion rate of
M
̇
acc
≈
2
×
10
−
4
M
⊙
yr
−
1
. Our results support a clump-fed accretion scenario in the target source. The cores in the prestellar stage are essentially low-mass, and they appear to be subvirial and gravitationally bound, unless further support is available, for instance, due to magnetic fields.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Astrochemistry</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Continuum radiation</subject><subject>Cores</subject><subject>Data acquisition</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Equilibrium conditions</subject><subject>Interferometry</subject><subject>Interstellar line emission</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Massive stars</subject><subject>Protostars</subject><subject>Radio telescopes</subject><subject>Star & galaxy formation</subject><subject>Star formation</subject><subject>Star forming regions</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1Lw0AQhhdRsFbvHhfEm7FJNrvbeCulfmCLglW8LZPdSU3Jl7uJUvzzJlTqRU_DOzzzDjyEnAb-JRtHchRwNvYixuUI9Jgn0R4Z7Fb7ZOD7fuQJJl8PyZFz6z6GcTwgX8s3pNPKIn2s6jaHJqtKCqWh91mJRRe1o1VKgS7AueyjY_O2qCk0dAY239CnBlboruikpJMGNBRA52BXSBdZnmcFNmhHrk2KXaITa2FDXzL8PCYHKeQOT37mkDxfz5bTW2_-cHM3ncw9zaRoPG1iLZPINwnXaaJT7qchR2Ap52gSYSAMhMQwliBNIGMUOkRhUGMgjIg7cEjOtr21rd5bdI1aV60tu5cqlAHjTPKIdZS_pbStnLOYqtpmBdiNCnzVK1a9T9X7VFvF3cn59iSr6t9OqNcqZkKFKhCxqk3acRd_cP_WfgMvT4uz</recordid><startdate>20220901</startdate><enddate>20220901</enddate><creator>Redaelli, Elena</creator><creator>Bovino, Stefano</creator><creator>Sanhueza, Patricio</creator><creator>Morii, Kaho</creator><creator>Sabatini, Giovanni</creator><creator>Caselli, Paola</creator><creator>Giannetti, Andrea</creator><creator>Li, Shanghuo</creator><general>The American Astronomical Society</general><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-6061</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-6688</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-8125</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7125-7685</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-9806</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-7911</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-5251</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220901</creationdate><title>The Core Population and Kinematics of a Massive Clump at Early Stages: An Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array View</title><author>Redaelli, Elena ; Bovino, Stefano ; Sanhueza, Patricio ; Morii, Kaho ; Sabatini, Giovanni ; Caselli, Paola ; Giannetti, Andrea ; Li, Shanghuo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-cd9c7b40db5cfbcf50f25ea3f55edb6da2167e297a7d179e6c2e6dece16d69ea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Astrochemistry</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Continuum radiation</topic><topic>Cores</topic><topic>Data acquisition</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Equilibrium conditions</topic><topic>Interferometry</topic><topic>Interstellar line emission</topic><topic>Kinematics</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Massive stars</topic><topic>Protostars</topic><topic>Radio telescopes</topic><topic>Star & galaxy formation</topic><topic>Star formation</topic><topic>Star forming regions</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Redaelli, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovino, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanhueza, Patricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morii, Kaho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabatini, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caselli, Paola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giannetti, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shanghuo</creatorcontrib><collection>Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Redaelli, Elena</au><au>Bovino, Stefano</au><au>Sanhueza, Patricio</au><au>Morii, Kaho</au><au>Sabatini, Giovanni</au><au>Caselli, Paola</au><au>Giannetti, Andrea</au><au>Li, Shanghuo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Core Population and Kinematics of a Massive Clump at Early Stages: An Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array View</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><stitle>APJ</stitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><date>2022-09-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>936</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>169</spage><pages>169-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>High-mass star formation theories make distinct predictions on the properties of the prestellar seeds of high-mass stars. Observations of the early stages of high-mass star formation can provide crucial constraints, but they are challenging and scarce. We investigate the properties of the prestellar core population embedded in the high-mass clump AGAL014.492-00.139, and we study the kinematics at the clump and clump-to-core scales. We have analyzed an extensive data set acquired with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array interferometer. Applying a dendrogram analysis to the Band 7 o‐H
2
D
+
data, we identified 22 cores. We fitted their average spectra in local thermodinamic equilibrium conditions, and we analyzed their continuum emission at 0.8 mm. The cores have transonic to mildly supersonic turbulence levels and appear to be mostly low-mass, with
M
core
<
30
M
⊙
. Furthermore, we have analyzed Band 3 observations of the N
2
H
+
(1–0) transition, which traces the large-scale gas kinematics. Using a friend-of-friend algorithm, we identify four main velocity coherent structures, all of which are associated with prestellar and protostellar cores. One of them presents a filament-like structure, and our observations could be consistent with mass accretion toward one of the protostars. In this case, we estimate a mass accretion rate of
M
̇
acc
≈
2
×
10
−
4
M
⊙
yr
−
1
. Our results support a clump-fed accretion scenario in the target source. The cores in the prestellar stage are essentially low-mass, and they appear to be subvirial and gravitationally bound, unless further support is available, for instance, due to magnetic fields.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia</cop><pub>The American Astronomical Society</pub><doi>10.3847/1538-4357/ac85b4</doi><tpages>26</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-6061</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-6688</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-8125</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7125-7685</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-9806</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-7911</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-5251</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algorithms Arrays Astrochemistry Astrophysics Continuum radiation Cores Data acquisition Deposition Emission analysis Equilibrium conditions Interferometry Interstellar line emission Kinematics Magnetic fields Massive stars Protostars Radio telescopes Star & galaxy formation Star formation Star forming regions |
title | The Core Population and Kinematics of a Massive Clump at Early Stages: An Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array View |
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