Conservation of Total Wave Action in the Expanding Solar Wind
The conservation of wave action in moving plasmas has been well known for over half a century. However, wave action is not conserved when multiple wave modes propagate and coexist close to the degeneration condition (where the sound speed equals the Alfvén speed, i.e., plasma β ∼ 1). Here, we show t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Astrophysical journal 2022-08, Vol.935 (1), p.60 |
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| creator | Huang, Zesen Shi, Chen Sioulas, Nikos Velli, Marco |
| description | The conservation of wave action in moving plasmas has been well known for over half a century. However, wave action is not conserved when multiple wave modes propagate and coexist close to the degeneration condition (where the sound speed equals the Alfvén speed, i.e., plasma
β
∼ 1). Here, we show that the violation of conservation is due to wave mode conversion, and that the total wave action summed over the interacting modes is still conserved. Though the result is general, we focus on MHD waves and identify three distinctive mode-conversion mechanisms, i.e., degeneracy, linear mode conversion, and resonance, and provide an intuitive physical picture for the mode-conversion processes. We use one-dimensional MHD simulations with the Expanding Box Model to simulate the nonlinear evolution of monochromatic MHD waves in the expanding solar wind. The simulation results validate the theory; total wave action therefore remains an interesting diagnostic for studies of waves and turbulence in the solar wind. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/ac74c5 |
| format | Article |
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β
∼ 1). Here, we show that the violation of conservation is due to wave mode conversion, and that the total wave action summed over the interacting modes is still conserved. Though the result is general, we focus on MHD waves and identify three distinctive mode-conversion mechanisms, i.e., degeneracy, linear mode conversion, and resonance, and provide an intuitive physical picture for the mode-conversion processes. We use one-dimensional MHD simulations with the Expanding Box Model to simulate the nonlinear evolution of monochromatic MHD waves in the expanding solar wind. The simulation results validate the theory; total wave action therefore remains an interesting diagnostic for studies of waves and turbulence in the solar wind.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac74c5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Astrophysics ; Conservation ; Conversion ; Degeneration ; Magnetohydrodynamic waves ; Magnetohydrodynamics ; Plasma astrophysics ; Simulation ; Solar wind ; Space plasmas ; Wave action</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2022-08, Vol.935 (1), p.60</ispartof><rights>2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-9cba1258cc162c1867d42847ef25abeac6b50d07ac119bd0a6655a28db8b68dd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-9cba1258cc162c1867d42847ef25abeac6b50d07ac119bd0a6655a28db8b68dd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2381-3106 ; 0000-0002-2582-7085 ; 0000-0002-1128-9685 ; 0000-0001-9570-5975</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac74c5/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,27924,27925,38890,53867</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zesen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sioulas, Nikos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velli, Marco</creatorcontrib><title>Conservation of Total Wave Action in the Expanding Solar Wind</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>The conservation of wave action in moving plasmas has been well known for over half a century. However, wave action is not conserved when multiple wave modes propagate and coexist close to the degeneration condition (where the sound speed equals the Alfvén speed, i.e., plasma
β
∼ 1). Here, we show that the violation of conservation is due to wave mode conversion, and that the total wave action summed over the interacting modes is still conserved. Though the result is general, we focus on MHD waves and identify three distinctive mode-conversion mechanisms, i.e., degeneracy, linear mode conversion, and resonance, and provide an intuitive physical picture for the mode-conversion processes. We use one-dimensional MHD simulations with the Expanding Box Model to simulate the nonlinear evolution of monochromatic MHD waves in the expanding solar wind. The simulation results validate the theory; total wave action therefore remains an interesting diagnostic for studies of waves and turbulence in the solar wind.</description><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Conversion</subject><subject>Degeneration</subject><subject>Magnetohydrodynamic waves</subject><subject>Magnetohydrodynamics</subject><subject>Plasma astrophysics</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Solar wind</subject><subject>Space plasmas</subject><subject>Wave action</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kL1PwzAQxS0EEqWwM1qCkVB_xHYyMFRV-ZAqMVBUNutiO5CqxMFOK_jvSQiCBabTPb337vRD6JSSS56lakIFz5KUCzUBo1Ij9tDoR9pHI0JImkiung7RUYzrfmV5PkJXM19HF3bQVr7GvsRL38IGr2Dn8NR8iVWN2xeH5-8N1Laqn_GD30DAq6q2x-ighE10J99zjB6v58vZbbK4v7mbTReJ4Spvk9wUQJnIjKGSGZpJZVPWPe1KJqBwYGQhiCUKDKV5YQlIKQSwzBZZITNr-RidDb1N8G9bF1u99ttQdyc1U4QTJgVjnYsMLhN8jMGVugnVK4QPTYnuIemeiO6J6AFSFzkfIpVvfjuhWeucC021JLqxZWe7-MP2b-snNHlz1g</recordid><startdate>20220801</startdate><enddate>20220801</enddate><creator>Huang, Zesen</creator><creator>Shi, Chen</creator><creator>Sioulas, Nikos</creator><creator>Velli, Marco</creator><general>The American Astronomical Society</general><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-3106</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-7085</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-9685</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-5975</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220801</creationdate><title>Conservation of Total Wave Action in the Expanding Solar Wind</title><author>Huang, Zesen ; Shi, Chen ; Sioulas, Nikos ; Velli, Marco</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c379t-9cba1258cc162c1867d42847ef25abeac6b50d07ac119bd0a6655a28db8b68dd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Conservation</topic><topic>Conversion</topic><topic>Degeneration</topic><topic>Magnetohydrodynamic waves</topic><topic>Magnetohydrodynamics</topic><topic>Plasma astrophysics</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Solar wind</topic><topic>Space plasmas</topic><topic>Wave action</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zesen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sioulas, Nikos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velli, Marco</creatorcontrib><collection>IOP Publishing Free Content</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Zesen</au><au>Shi, Chen</au><au>Sioulas, Nikos</au><au>Velli, Marco</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Conservation of Total Wave Action in the Expanding Solar Wind</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><stitle>APJ</stitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><date>2022-08-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>935</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>60</spage><pages>60-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>The conservation of wave action in moving plasmas has been well known for over half a century. However, wave action is not conserved when multiple wave modes propagate and coexist close to the degeneration condition (where the sound speed equals the Alfvén speed, i.e., plasma
β
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| subjects | Astrophysics Conservation Conversion Degeneration Magnetohydrodynamic waves Magnetohydrodynamics Plasma astrophysics Simulation Solar wind Space plasmas Wave action |
| title | Conservation of Total Wave Action in the Expanding Solar Wind |
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