Sépultures de “pêcheurs” de l'Age du Bronze ancien à Bénouville “les Hautes Coutures” (Calvados)

Le diagnostic d'un lotissement à Bénouville (Calvados), près de l'embochure de l'Orne, a permis la découverte d'un ensemble funéraire associant sept sépultures et un enclos circulaire datés entre a fin du IIIe millénaire et le milieu du IIe millénaire. Trois groupes de sépultures...

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Veröffentlicht in:Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 2004-04, Vol.101 (2), p.305-323
Hauptverfasser: MARCIGNY, Cyril, CARPENTIER, Vincent, GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel, LEBORGNE, Guillaume, GALLOUIN, Érik, MÉNAGER, Loïc
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container_title Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française
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creator MARCIGNY, Cyril
CARPENTIER, Vincent
GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel
LEBORGNE, Guillaume
GALLOUIN, Érik
MÉNAGER, Loïc
description Le diagnostic d'un lotissement à Bénouville (Calvados), près de l'embochure de l'Orne, a permis la découverte d'un ensemble funéraire associant sept sépultures et un enclos circulaire datés entre a fin du IIIe millénaire et le milieu du IIe millénaire. Trois groupes de sépultures ont été identifiés autour de l'enclos ou directement liés au monument. Trois inhumations disposées dans le fossé d'enclos ont livré un viatique contemporain d'un autre dépôt isolé, et de trois dalles calcaires perforées, identifiées comme de probables pierres de lest ou de mouillage pour des filets ou des embarcations. Les éléments de comparaison recensés permettent de eplacer ce site dans le contexte des pratiques funéraires propers au Bronze ancien. The archaeological diagnosis of a future property development at Bénouville (Calvados), near the Orne etuary, allowed the discovery of a funerary complex associating seven tombs with a circular enclosure dating from the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the mid 2nd millennium (Middle Bronze Age). Three groups of tombs have been identified around the enclosure or directly connected to the monument. Three burials inside the enclosure ditch contained grave goods contemporary with another isolated deposit and three perforated limestone slabs identified as possible weights for nets or anchors. Points of comparison with French and English bibliographies allow us to place these finds in relation to the funerary gestures of the Early Bronze Age. The circular enclosure: The enclosure is delimited by a roughly circular ditch (st. 100. Fig. 3). Its diameter is 13 to 14 m, it width on the surface varies from 1.10 to 1.60 m, its side view is "U shaped" and it is preserved to a depth of 0.40 to 0.70 m. The central area of the enclosure: An oblong pit whose contours are barely visible, aligned east to west, was recorded within the central area of the enclosure. The size of this structure is nearly 6 m in length for an average width of 0.80 m. Two limestone slabs were found at the ends of the structure (east and west). In the hypothesis of a funerary function for this structure, we may suggest that they supported a wooden building. This pit did not contain bones, only a flint hammestone was found at the end of the structure (fig. 4 and 5). The tombs: Three types of tombs were identified: the ones surrounding the enclosure and the others directly connected to the monument (fig 6 and 8). A first group includes three tombs buried in the top layer of the
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Trois groupes de sépultures ont été identifiés autour de l'enclos ou directement liés au monument. Trois inhumations disposées dans le fossé d'enclos ont livré un viatique contemporain d'un autre dépôt isolé, et de trois dalles calcaires perforées, identifiées comme de probables pierres de lest ou de mouillage pour des filets ou des embarcations. Les éléments de comparaison recensés permettent de eplacer ce site dans le contexte des pratiques funéraires propers au Bronze ancien. The archaeological diagnosis of a future property development at Bénouville (Calvados), near the Orne etuary, allowed the discovery of a funerary complex associating seven tombs with a circular enclosure dating from the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the mid 2nd millennium (Middle Bronze Age). Three groups of tombs have been identified around the enclosure or directly connected to the monument. Three burials inside the enclosure ditch contained grave goods contemporary with another isolated deposit and three perforated limestone slabs identified as possible weights for nets or anchors. Points of comparison with French and English bibliographies allow us to place these finds in relation to the funerary gestures of the Early Bronze Age. The circular enclosure: The enclosure is delimited by a roughly circular ditch (st. 100. Fig. 3). Its diameter is 13 to 14 m, it width on the surface varies from 1.10 to 1.60 m, its side view is "U shaped" and it is preserved to a depth of 0.40 to 0.70 m. The central area of the enclosure: An oblong pit whose contours are barely visible, aligned east to west, was recorded within the central area of the enclosure. The size of this structure is nearly 6 m in length for an average width of 0.80 m. Two limestone slabs were found at the ends of the structure (east and west). In the hypothesis of a funerary function for this structure, we may suggest that they supported a wooden building. This pit did not contain bones, only a flint hammestone was found at the end of the structure (fig. 4 and 5). The tombs: Three types of tombs were identified: the ones surrounding the enclosure and the others directly connected to the monument (fig 6 and 8). A first group includes three tombs buried in the top layer of the fill of structure 100. Two other are located in the central area of the enclosure (structure 103 and 104), whereas two small cists mDitch st.ade of limestone slabs were discovered to the west of the monument (st.103, 106). Ditch st.100, Tomb 1 (fig. 6). The corpse buried here was a young adult. A small solid mass made of limestone slabs covered the legs. A polished axe was found on the back of the skull. The work on the axe is typical of the Early Bronze Age. Ditch st.100, Tomb 2 (fig. 6). The corpse buried was an adult. This burial shows the same characteristics as the previous tomb; a solid mass of limestone covered the legs. The block of limestone weighing 0 kg looks very like a millstone, but after examination it was established that its shape is natural. The burial goods also incude two fragments of Suidae bones (fig. 10) and two flint artefacts that may be reused Palaeolithic objects. Ditch st. 100, Tomb 3 (fig. 6). The corpse buried is an adult. The tomb did not contain a olid mas on the tibias, but several slabs covered the top. A Bovidae half mandible was discovered near the pelvis. The pits st.103 and 104 (fig. 8). Two pits contiguous to each other having roughly the same size (1 m in length, 50 to 60 cm in width). Due to the lack of evidence, we can only think of an inant's tomb. The cists - st. 10 and 106 (fig. 8). These are of similar size (2.10 m in length, 1.10 to 1.30 m in width). St. 105 was the only one that was excavated. It was filled with limestone slabs, indicating vertical edges containing organic substances. On the bottom, which is roughly paved, fragments of human bones were found, in very bad condition. The Finds: The antlers (fig. 10). Two antlers were discovered. The first one is a small pick showing traces of use. The second one may be a handle for a pick made of flint or bone. The pottery (fig. 11). A total of about one hundred sherds was recoveed (weight: 845 g) belonging to 3 or 4 different pots. Due to the especially important fragmentation ratio, the graphical restitution was limited (fig. 11 - no. 2). The perforated stones (fig. 12). A geologist confirmed the human origin of the perforations found on three of the four stones recovered. Due to their important erosion, their weights and their dimensions have only an indicative value (table 1. Fig. 12). Since the site is next to the Orne estuary, we may suppose that these stones may be weights for nets or anchors. The bibliography mentions the use of perforated stones for this purpose in a Bronze Age/Early Iron Age context. If these hypotheses were founded, it wold be the oldest archaeological evidence of fishing and navigation for the Orne estuary. Conclusions: The Bénouville monument belongs to the family of circular enclosures devoted to a funerary purpose which are dated between the late Neolithic and the early La Tène. In France, this type of structure is almost always located in northern areas. In Basse-Normandie, twenty of a hundred or so of these sites recorded by aerial photography have been the subject of excavations. Despite the small amount of data found on this type of site, due to the lack of elements for dating and to the poor state of conservation of the ditches, the hypothesis of a hillfort surrounded by a ditch is commonly accepted. The enclosure of Benouville does not derogate from te data obtained by regional studies. However the data do not allow a reconstitution of a hillfort. Moreover the dating of the finds is towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the Middle Bronze Age, which is confirmed by radiocarbon dates; hence, the establishment of the necropolis dates back to the end of the Middle Bronze Age (1741 to 1530 bc).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0249-7638</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1760-7361</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3406/bspf.2004.12994</identifier><language>fre</language><publisher>Société Préhistorique Française</publisher><ispartof>Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, 2004-04, Vol.101 (2), p.305-323</ispartof><rights>2004 Société préhistorique française</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c623-cd760716875b05870359062b153caa7c4071b5dc7c108860833b7b388dde05bd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27923783$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/27923783$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>MARCIGNY, Cyril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CARPENTIER, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LEBORGNE, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GALLOUIN, Érik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MÉNAGER, Loïc</creatorcontrib><title>Sépultures de “pêcheurs” de l'Age du Bronze ancien à Bénouville “les Hautes Coutures” (Calvados)</title><title>Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française</title><description>Le diagnostic d'un lotissement à Bénouville (Calvados), près de l'embochure de l'Orne, a permis la découverte d'un ensemble funéraire associant sept sépultures et un enclos circulaire datés entre a fin du IIIe millénaire et le milieu du IIe millénaire. Trois groupes de sépultures ont été identifiés autour de l'enclos ou directement liés au monument. Trois inhumations disposées dans le fossé d'enclos ont livré un viatique contemporain d'un autre dépôt isolé, et de trois dalles calcaires perforées, identifiées comme de probables pierres de lest ou de mouillage pour des filets ou des embarcations. Les éléments de comparaison recensés permettent de eplacer ce site dans le contexte des pratiques funéraires propers au Bronze ancien. The archaeological diagnosis of a future property development at Bénouville (Calvados), near the Orne etuary, allowed the discovery of a funerary complex associating seven tombs with a circular enclosure dating from the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the mid 2nd millennium (Middle Bronze Age). Three groups of tombs have been identified around the enclosure or directly connected to the monument. Three burials inside the enclosure ditch contained grave goods contemporary with another isolated deposit and three perforated limestone slabs identified as possible weights for nets or anchors. Points of comparison with French and English bibliographies allow us to place these finds in relation to the funerary gestures of the Early Bronze Age. The circular enclosure: The enclosure is delimited by a roughly circular ditch (st. 100. Fig. 3). Its diameter is 13 to 14 m, it width on the surface varies from 1.10 to 1.60 m, its side view is "U shaped" and it is preserved to a depth of 0.40 to 0.70 m. The central area of the enclosure: An oblong pit whose contours are barely visible, aligned east to west, was recorded within the central area of the enclosure. The size of this structure is nearly 6 m in length for an average width of 0.80 m. Two limestone slabs were found at the ends of the structure (east and west). In the hypothesis of a funerary function for this structure, we may suggest that they supported a wooden building. This pit did not contain bones, only a flint hammestone was found at the end of the structure (fig. 4 and 5). The tombs: Three types of tombs were identified: the ones surrounding the enclosure and the others directly connected to the monument (fig 6 and 8). A first group includes three tombs buried in the top layer of the fill of structure 100. Two other are located in the central area of the enclosure (structure 103 and 104), whereas two small cists mDitch st.ade of limestone slabs were discovered to the west of the monument (st.103, 106). Ditch st.100, Tomb 1 (fig. 6). The corpse buried here was a young adult. A small solid mass made of limestone slabs covered the legs. A polished axe was found on the back of the skull. The work on the axe is typical of the Early Bronze Age. Ditch st.100, Tomb 2 (fig. 6). The corpse buried was an adult. This burial shows the same characteristics as the previous tomb; a solid mass of limestone covered the legs. The block of limestone weighing 0 kg looks very like a millstone, but after examination it was established that its shape is natural. The burial goods also incude two fragments of Suidae bones (fig. 10) and two flint artefacts that may be reused Palaeolithic objects. Ditch st. 100, Tomb 3 (fig. 6). The corpse buried is an adult. The tomb did not contain a olid mas on the tibias, but several slabs covered the top. A Bovidae half mandible was discovered near the pelvis. The pits st.103 and 104 (fig. 8). Two pits contiguous to each other having roughly the same size (1 m in length, 50 to 60 cm in width). Due to the lack of evidence, we can only think of an inant's tomb. The cists - st. 10 and 106 (fig. 8). These are of similar size (2.10 m in length, 1.10 to 1.30 m in width). St. 105 was the only one that was excavated. It was filled with limestone slabs, indicating vertical edges containing organic substances. On the bottom, which is roughly paved, fragments of human bones were found, in very bad condition. The Finds: The antlers (fig. 10). Two antlers were discovered. The first one is a small pick showing traces of use. The second one may be a handle for a pick made of flint or bone. The pottery (fig. 11). A total of about one hundred sherds was recoveed (weight: 845 g) belonging to 3 or 4 different pots. Due to the especially important fragmentation ratio, the graphical restitution was limited (fig. 11 - no. 2). The perforated stones (fig. 12). A geologist confirmed the human origin of the perforations found on three of the four stones recovered. Due to their important erosion, their weights and their dimensions have only an indicative value (table 1. Fig. 12). Since the site is next to the Orne estuary, we may suppose that these stones may be weights for nets or anchors. The bibliography mentions the use of perforated stones for this purpose in a Bronze Age/Early Iron Age context. If these hypotheses were founded, it wold be the oldest archaeological evidence of fishing and navigation for the Orne estuary. Conclusions: The Bénouville monument belongs to the family of circular enclosures devoted to a funerary purpose which are dated between the late Neolithic and the early La Tène. In France, this type of structure is almost always located in northern areas. In Basse-Normandie, twenty of a hundred or so of these sites recorded by aerial photography have been the subject of excavations. Despite the small amount of data found on this type of site, due to the lack of elements for dating and to the poor state of conservation of the ditches, the hypothesis of a hillfort surrounded by a ditch is commonly accepted. The enclosure of Benouville does not derogate from te data obtained by regional studies. However the data do not allow a reconstitution of a hillfort. Moreover the dating of the finds is towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the Middle Bronze Age, which is confirmed by radiocarbon dates; hence, the establishment of the necropolis dates back to the end of the Middle Bronze Age (1741 to 1530 bc).</description><issn>0249-7638</issn><issn>1760-7361</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9kM9KAzEQh4MoWGrPnoS9qYdt82c3yR7bRa1Q8GDvSzZJtSXuLklT0FMfRMFrfY19kz6J2Vacy8DM_D6GD4BLBIckgXRUumYxxBAmQ4SzLDkBPcQojBmh6BT0IE6ymFHCz8HAuRUMRVCSctID5rndNd6svdUuUjrabz-b9ke-am_dfvvVjcz1-EVHykcTW1cfOhKVXOoqar-jSburar9ZGnMImoCYCr8OLa_9AdkhbnJhNkLV7vYCnC2EcXrw1_tgfn83z6fx7OnhMR_PYkkxiaUKrzNEOUtLmHIGSZpBikuUEikEk0lYlqmSTCLIOYWckJKVhHOlNExLRfpgdMRKWztn9aJo7PJN2PcCwaLTVXS6ik5XcdAVElfHxMqta_t_jlmGCQv8X-rnbVg</recordid><startdate>20040401</startdate><enddate>20040401</enddate><creator>MARCIGNY, Cyril</creator><creator>CARPENTIER, Vincent</creator><creator>GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel</creator><creator>LEBORGNE, Guillaume</creator><creator>GALLOUIN, Érik</creator><creator>MÉNAGER, Loïc</creator><general>Société Préhistorique Française</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040401</creationdate><title>Sépultures de “pêcheurs” de l'Age du Bronze ancien à Bénouville “les Hautes Coutures” (Calvados)</title><author>MARCIGNY, Cyril ; CARPENTIER, Vincent ; GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel ; LEBORGNE, Guillaume ; GALLOUIN, Érik ; MÉNAGER, Loïc</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c623-cd760716875b05870359062b153caa7c4071b5dc7c108860833b7b388dde05bd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>fre</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MARCIGNY, Cyril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CARPENTIER, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LEBORGNE, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GALLOUIN, Érik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MÉNAGER, Loïc</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MARCIGNY, Cyril</au><au>CARPENTIER, Vincent</au><au>GHESQUIÈRE, Emmanuel</au><au>LEBORGNE, Guillaume</au><au>GALLOUIN, Érik</au><au>MÉNAGER, Loïc</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sépultures de “pêcheurs” de l'Age du Bronze ancien à Bénouville “les Hautes Coutures” (Calvados)</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française</jtitle><date>2004-04-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>305</spage><epage>323</epage><pages>305-323</pages><issn>0249-7638</issn><eissn>1760-7361</eissn><abstract>Le diagnostic d'un lotissement à Bénouville (Calvados), près de l'embochure de l'Orne, a permis la découverte d'un ensemble funéraire associant sept sépultures et un enclos circulaire datés entre a fin du IIIe millénaire et le milieu du IIe millénaire. Trois groupes de sépultures ont été identifiés autour de l'enclos ou directement liés au monument. Trois inhumations disposées dans le fossé d'enclos ont livré un viatique contemporain d'un autre dépôt isolé, et de trois dalles calcaires perforées, identifiées comme de probables pierres de lest ou de mouillage pour des filets ou des embarcations. Les éléments de comparaison recensés permettent de eplacer ce site dans le contexte des pratiques funéraires propers au Bronze ancien. The archaeological diagnosis of a future property development at Bénouville (Calvados), near the Orne etuary, allowed the discovery of a funerary complex associating seven tombs with a circular enclosure dating from the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the mid 2nd millennium (Middle Bronze Age). Three groups of tombs have been identified around the enclosure or directly connected to the monument. Three burials inside the enclosure ditch contained grave goods contemporary with another isolated deposit and three perforated limestone slabs identified as possible weights for nets or anchors. Points of comparison with French and English bibliographies allow us to place these finds in relation to the funerary gestures of the Early Bronze Age. The circular enclosure: The enclosure is delimited by a roughly circular ditch (st. 100. Fig. 3). Its diameter is 13 to 14 m, it width on the surface varies from 1.10 to 1.60 m, its side view is "U shaped" and it is preserved to a depth of 0.40 to 0.70 m. The central area of the enclosure: An oblong pit whose contours are barely visible, aligned east to west, was recorded within the central area of the enclosure. The size of this structure is nearly 6 m in length for an average width of 0.80 m. Two limestone slabs were found at the ends of the structure (east and west). In the hypothesis of a funerary function for this structure, we may suggest that they supported a wooden building. This pit did not contain bones, only a flint hammestone was found at the end of the structure (fig. 4 and 5). The tombs: Three types of tombs were identified: the ones surrounding the enclosure and the others directly connected to the monument (fig 6 and 8). A first group includes three tombs buried in the top layer of the fill of structure 100. Two other are located in the central area of the enclosure (structure 103 and 104), whereas two small cists mDitch st.ade of limestone slabs were discovered to the west of the monument (st.103, 106). Ditch st.100, Tomb 1 (fig. 6). The corpse buried here was a young adult. A small solid mass made of limestone slabs covered the legs. A polished axe was found on the back of the skull. The work on the axe is typical of the Early Bronze Age. Ditch st.100, Tomb 2 (fig. 6). The corpse buried was an adult. This burial shows the same characteristics as the previous tomb; a solid mass of limestone covered the legs. The block of limestone weighing 0 kg looks very like a millstone, but after examination it was established that its shape is natural. The burial goods also incude two fragments of Suidae bones (fig. 10) and two flint artefacts that may be reused Palaeolithic objects. Ditch st. 100, Tomb 3 (fig. 6). The corpse buried is an adult. The tomb did not contain a olid mas on the tibias, but several slabs covered the top. A Bovidae half mandible was discovered near the pelvis. The pits st.103 and 104 (fig. 8). Two pits contiguous to each other having roughly the same size (1 m in length, 50 to 60 cm in width). Due to the lack of evidence, we can only think of an inant's tomb. The cists - st. 10 and 106 (fig. 8). These are of similar size (2.10 m in length, 1.10 to 1.30 m in width). St. 105 was the only one that was excavated. It was filled with limestone slabs, indicating vertical edges containing organic substances. On the bottom, which is roughly paved, fragments of human bones were found, in very bad condition. The Finds: The antlers (fig. 10). Two antlers were discovered. The first one is a small pick showing traces of use. The second one may be a handle for a pick made of flint or bone. The pottery (fig. 11). A total of about one hundred sherds was recoveed (weight: 845 g) belonging to 3 or 4 different pots. Due to the especially important fragmentation ratio, the graphical restitution was limited (fig. 11 - no. 2). The perforated stones (fig. 12). A geologist confirmed the human origin of the perforations found on three of the four stones recovered. Due to their important erosion, their weights and their dimensions have only an indicative value (table 1. Fig. 12). Since the site is next to the Orne estuary, we may suppose that these stones may be weights for nets or anchors. The bibliography mentions the use of perforated stones for this purpose in a Bronze Age/Early Iron Age context. If these hypotheses were founded, it wold be the oldest archaeological evidence of fishing and navigation for the Orne estuary. Conclusions: The Bénouville monument belongs to the family of circular enclosures devoted to a funerary purpose which are dated between the late Neolithic and the early La Tène. In France, this type of structure is almost always located in northern areas. In Basse-Normandie, twenty of a hundred or so of these sites recorded by aerial photography have been the subject of excavations. Despite the small amount of data found on this type of site, due to the lack of elements for dating and to the poor state of conservation of the ditches, the hypothesis of a hillfort surrounded by a ditch is commonly accepted. The enclosure of Benouville does not derogate from te data obtained by regional studies. However the data do not allow a reconstitution of a hillfort. Moreover the dating of the finds is towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC to the Middle Bronze Age, which is confirmed by radiocarbon dates; hence, the establishment of the necropolis dates back to the end of the Middle Bronze Age (1741 to 1530 bc).</abstract><pub>Société Préhistorique Française</pub><doi>10.3406/bspf.2004.12994</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record>
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source JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing
title Sépultures de “pêcheurs” de l'Age du Bronze ancien à Bénouville “les Hautes Coutures” (Calvados)
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