The Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications of Ceramide Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis
Ceramides play an essential role in forming a permeability barrier in the skin. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease associated with skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities. In patients with AD, the amount and composition of ceramides in the stratum corneum are al...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-09, Vol.10 (9), p.2386 |
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| description | Ceramides play an essential role in forming a permeability barrier in the skin. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease associated with skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities. In patients with AD, the amount and composition of ceramides in the stratum corneum are altered. This suggests that ceramide abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The mechanism underlying lipid abnormalities in AD has not yet been fully elucidated, but the involvement of Th2 and Th1 cytokines is implicated. Ceramide-dominant emollients have beneficial effects on skin barrier function; thus, they have been approved as an adjunctive barrier repair agent for AD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of ceramide abnormalities in AD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic approaches for correcting ceramide abnormalities in AD are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cells10092386 |
| format | Article |
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease associated with skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities. In patients with AD, the amount and composition of ceramides in the stratum corneum are altered. This suggests that ceramide abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The mechanism underlying lipid abnormalities in AD has not yet been fully elucidated, but the involvement of Th2 and Th1 cytokines is implicated. Ceramide-dominant emollients have beneficial effects on skin barrier function; thus, they have been approved as an adjunctive barrier repair agent for AD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of ceramide abnormalities in AD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic approaches for correcting ceramide abnormalities in AD are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4409</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4409</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cells10092386</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34572035</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Atopic dermatitis ; Ceramide ; Ceramides - pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; Chromatography ; Cytokines ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic - pathology ; Dermatitis, Atopic - prevention & control ; Fatty acids ; Humans ; Lipids ; Lymphocytes T ; Metabolism ; Permeability ; Review ; Skin ; skin barrier ; Skin diseases ; Stratum corneum</subject><ispartof>Cells (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-09, Vol.10 (9), p.2386</ispartof><rights>2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease associated with skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities. In patients with AD, the amount and composition of ceramides in the stratum corneum are altered. This suggests that ceramide abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The mechanism underlying lipid abnormalities in AD has not yet been fully elucidated, but the involvement of Th2 and Th1 cytokines is implicated. Ceramide-dominant emollients have beneficial effects on skin barrier function; thus, they have been approved as an adjunctive barrier repair agent for AD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of ceramide abnormalities in AD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic approaches for correcting ceramide abnormalities in AD are discussed.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Atopic dermatitis</subject><subject>Ceramide</subject><subject>Ceramides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dermatitis</subject><subject>Dermatitis, Atopic - pathology</subject><subject>Dermatitis, Atopic - prevention & control</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>skin barrier</subject><subject>Skin diseases</subject><subject>Stratum corneum</subject><issn>2073-4409</issn><issn>2073-4409</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks9vFCEUx4nR2Kbt0auZxIuXUX4NDBeTzap1kyb1UC9eCDBvdtnMwAgzJv3vy3Zr05ULj-_78IXHA6F3BH9iTOHPDoYhE4wVZa14hc4plqzmHKvXL-IzdJXzHpfREkFw8xadMd5Iillzjn7f7aD6aeZd3ELwrjKhq4qUzATLXNabcRq8M7OPIVexr9YlNfoOqpUNMY1m8LOHXPlQreY4lQ1foahzUfMletObIcPV03yBfn3_drf-Ud_cXm_Wq5vaNVzOtRSqdVQA4T2jIBxgkMYA61zTSdNYEMxRqyxQay1XlArZYSlYqdlg2wK7QJujbxfNXk_Jjybd62i8fhRi2mqTSi0DaK56LoQSRHUlIL0qluVwTAwzUtCD15ej17TYEToHYU5mODE9zQS_09v4V7dctJw3xeDjk0GKfxbIsx59PrTJBIhL1rSRkgusiCjoh__QfVxSKE91oETpKJeqUPWRcinmnKB_vgzB-vAJ9MknKPz7lxU80_9azh4APmKuOw</recordid><startdate>20210910</startdate><enddate>20210910</enddate><creator>Fujii, Masanori</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210910</creationdate><title>The Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications of Ceramide Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis</title><author>Fujii, Masanori</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c547t-7698c26e14f32e6ce0e7aae3dc5d7a5be63c2b9be2bbb492267d0763923a0b8e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Atopic dermatitis</topic><topic>Ceramide</topic><topic>Ceramides - 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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease associated with skin barrier dysfunction and immunological abnormalities. In patients with AD, the amount and composition of ceramides in the stratum corneum are altered. This suggests that ceramide abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The mechanism underlying lipid abnormalities in AD has not yet been fully elucidated, but the involvement of Th2 and Th1 cytokines is implicated. Ceramide-dominant emollients have beneficial effects on skin barrier function; thus, they have been approved as an adjunctive barrier repair agent for AD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of ceramide abnormalities in AD. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic approaches for correcting ceramide abnormalities in AD are discussed.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34572035</pmid><doi>10.3390/cells10092386</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Atopic dermatitis Ceramide Ceramides - pharmacology Cholesterol Chromatography Cytokines Dermatitis Dermatitis, Atopic - pathology Dermatitis, Atopic - prevention & control Fatty acids Humans Lipids Lymphocytes T Metabolism Permeability Review Skin skin barrier Skin diseases Stratum corneum |
| title | The Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications of Ceramide Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis |
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