Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker
Hemp adaptability through physiological and biochemical changes was studied under 10 LED light spectra and natural light in a controlled aeroponic system. Light treatments were imposed on 25 days aged seedlings for 16 h daily (300 µmol m s ) for 20 days. Plant accumulated highest Cannabidiol (CBD) i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-07, Vol.10 (8), p.710 |
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| creator | Islam, Md Jahirul Ryu, Byeong Ryeol Azad, Md Obyedul Kalam Rahman, Md Hafizur Cheong, Eun Ju Lim, Jung-Dae Lim, Young-Seok |
| description | Hemp adaptability through physiological and biochemical changes was studied under 10 LED light spectra and natural light in a controlled aeroponic system. Light treatments were imposed on 25 days aged seedlings for 16 h daily (300 µmol m
s
) for 20 days. Plant accumulated highest Cannabidiol (CBD) in R
:B
:G
light treatment, with relatively higher photosynthetic rate and lower reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also accumulated at a higher level in white, R
:B
, and R
:B
:G
light with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. These results indicated that CBD and THC have no or little relation with light-mediated abiotic stress in hemp plants. On the contrary, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
and R
:B
:W
:FR
light treatment along with lower photosynthetic rate and higher reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. However, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
light treatment with higher stress-modulated substances and lower physiological traits. CBDA was also accumulated higher in R
:B
and R
:B
:G
light treatments with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. Besides, Greenlight influenced CBD and CBDA synthesis where FR and UV-A (along with green) play a positive and negative role in this process. Overall, the results indicated that the treatment R
:B
:G
enhanced the medicinal cannabinoids most, and the role of THCA as a stress marker is more decisive in the hemp plant than in other cannabinoids under attributed light-mediated stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/biology10080710 |
| format | Article |
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s
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:B
:G
light treatment, with relatively higher photosynthetic rate and lower reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also accumulated at a higher level in white, R
:B
, and R
:B
:G
light with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. These results indicated that CBD and THC have no or little relation with light-mediated abiotic stress in hemp plants. On the contrary, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
and R
:B
:W
:FR
light treatment along with lower photosynthetic rate and higher reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. However, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
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:FR
light treatment with higher stress-modulated substances and lower physiological traits. CBDA was also accumulated higher in R
:B
and R
:B
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light treatments with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. Besides, Greenlight influenced CBD and CBDA synthesis where FR and UV-A (along with green) play a positive and negative role in this process. Overall, the results indicated that the treatment R
:B
:G
enhanced the medicinal cannabinoids most, and the role of THCA as a stress marker is more decisive in the hemp plant than in other cannabinoids under attributed light-mediated stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2079-7737</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2079-7737</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/biology10080710</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34439943</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Abiotic stress ; Acids ; Adaptability ; antioxidant ; antioxidant enzymes ; Antioxidants ; Cannabinoids ; Cannabis ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzymes ; Flavonoids ; Gene expression ; Hemp ; light spectra ; light stress ; Lipid peroxidation ; Lipids ; Marijuana ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Morphology ; Phenols ; Photosynthesis ; photosynthetic activities ; Reactive oxygen species ; Seedlings ; Seeds ; Stress response ; Temperature effects ; Tetrahydrocannabinol</subject><ispartof>Biology (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-07, Vol.10 (8), p.710</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-25e04b66e4a75a4c81803b58d92e1cf0d01402692f292fc21e2b2477dea04ec43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-25e04b66e4a75a4c81803b58d92e1cf0d01402692f292fc21e2b2477dea04ec43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2576-5435 ; 0000-0002-5668-3432 ; 0000-0003-4167-5824 ; 0000-0002-1949-0156 ; 0000-0002-9033-0067 ; 0000-0003-3950-3599</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389281/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8389281/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34439943$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Islam, Md Jahirul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryu, Byeong Ryeol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azad, Md Obyedul Kalam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Md Hafizur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheong, Eun Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Jung-Dae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Young-Seok</creatorcontrib><title>Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker</title><title>Biology (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Biology (Basel)</addtitle><description>Hemp adaptability through physiological and biochemical changes was studied under 10 LED light spectra and natural light in a controlled aeroponic system. Light treatments were imposed on 25 days aged seedlings for 16 h daily (300 µmol m
s
) for 20 days. Plant accumulated highest Cannabidiol (CBD) in R
:B
:G
light treatment, with relatively higher photosynthetic rate and lower reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also accumulated at a higher level in white, R
:B
, and R
:B
:G
light with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. These results indicated that CBD and THC have no or little relation with light-mediated abiotic stress in hemp plants. On the contrary, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
and R
:B
:W
:FR
light treatment along with lower photosynthetic rate and higher reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. However, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
light treatment with higher stress-modulated substances and lower physiological traits. CBDA was also accumulated higher in R
:B
and R
:B
:G
light treatments with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. Besides, Greenlight influenced CBD and CBDA synthesis where FR and UV-A (along with green) play a positive and negative role in this process. Overall, the results indicated that the treatment R
:B
:G
enhanced the medicinal cannabinoids most, and the role of THCA as a stress marker is more decisive in the hemp plant than in other cannabinoids under attributed light-mediated stress.</description><subject>Abiotic stress</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Adaptability</subject><subject>antioxidant</subject><subject>antioxidant enzymes</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Cannabinoids</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Hemp</subject><subject>light spectra</subject><subject>light stress</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>photosynthetic activities</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Stress response</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Tetrahydrocannabinol</subject><issn>2079-7737</issn><issn>2079-7737</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkt9rFDEQxxex2FL77JsM-KIP1-bXbrIvQrlWW9ii2PocssncXc695Ex2C330Pzd6Z2kNhISZ73wyXzJV9YaSU85bctb7OMTlAyVEEUnJi-qIEdnOpOTy5ZP7YXWS85qUJQlrePOqOuRC8LYV_Kj6NTchmN6H6F2Gc2unzTSY0ccAPsAVbrbwHvaaDLlk7g10px_g62DCmGEKDhN0lxfQ-eVqhNst2jEZMMHB3Qp9ggufbcIR4VscEEwGA7djwpzhxqQfmF5XBwszZDzZn8fV90-Xd_OrWffl8_X8vJtZoeQ4YzUS0TcNCiNrI6yiivC-Vq5lSO2COEJFsdeyBSvbMoqsZ0JKh4YItIIfV9c7rotmrbfJb0x60NF4_TcQ01KbNHo7oKbcGalEb60lQvSuR8IXNa1JyxxvVF1YH3es7dRv0FkMxfPwDPo8E_xKL-O9Vly1TNECeLcHpPhzwjzqdZxSKP41qxvRNEpSVVRnO5VNMeeEi8cXKNF_RkD_NwKl4u3Txh71_z6c_wYWaq1O</recordid><startdate>20210724</startdate><enddate>20210724</enddate><creator>Islam, Md Jahirul</creator><creator>Ryu, Byeong Ryeol</creator><creator>Azad, Md Obyedul Kalam</creator><creator>Rahman, Md Hafizur</creator><creator>Cheong, Eun Ju</creator><creator>Lim, Jung-Dae</creator><creator>Lim, Young-Seok</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-5435</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-3432</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-5824</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-0156</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-0067</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-3599</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210724</creationdate><title>Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker</title><author>Islam, Md Jahirul ; Ryu, Byeong Ryeol ; Azad, Md Obyedul Kalam ; Rahman, Md Hafizur ; Cheong, Eun Ju ; Lim, Jung-Dae ; Lim, Young-Seok</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-25e04b66e4a75a4c81803b58d92e1cf0d01402692f292fc21e2b2477dea04ec43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Abiotic stress</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Adaptability</topic><topic>antioxidant</topic><topic>antioxidant enzymes</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Cannabinoids</topic><topic>Cannabis</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Hemp</topic><topic>light spectra</topic><topic>light stress</topic><topic>Lipid peroxidation</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>photosynthetic activities</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Stress response</topic><topic>Temperature effects</topic><topic>Tetrahydrocannabinol</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Islam, Md Jahirul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryu, Byeong Ryeol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azad, Md Obyedul Kalam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Md Hafizur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheong, Eun Ju</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Jung-Dae</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Young-Seok</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Biology (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Islam, Md Jahirul</au><au>Ryu, Byeong Ryeol</au><au>Azad, Md Obyedul Kalam</au><au>Rahman, Md Hafizur</au><au>Cheong, Eun Ju</au><au>Lim, Jung-Dae</au><au>Lim, Young-Seok</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker</atitle><jtitle>Biology (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Biology (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-07-24</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>710</spage><pages>710-</pages><issn>2079-7737</issn><eissn>2079-7737</eissn><abstract>Hemp adaptability through physiological and biochemical changes was studied under 10 LED light spectra and natural light in a controlled aeroponic system. Light treatments were imposed on 25 days aged seedlings for 16 h daily (300 µmol m
s
) for 20 days. Plant accumulated highest Cannabidiol (CBD) in R
:B
:G
light treatment, with relatively higher photosynthetic rate and lower reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also accumulated at a higher level in white, R
:B
, and R
:B
:G
light with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. These results indicated that CBD and THC have no or little relation with light-mediated abiotic stress in hemp plants. On the contrary, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
and R
:B
:W
:FR
light treatment along with lower photosynthetic rate and higher reactive oxygen species, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities. However, Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) was accumulated higher in R
:B
:G
:FR
light treatment with higher stress-modulated substances and lower physiological traits. CBDA was also accumulated higher in R
:B
and R
:B
:G
light treatments with less evidence of stress-modulated substances. Besides, Greenlight influenced CBD and CBDA synthesis where FR and UV-A (along with green) play a positive and negative role in this process. Overall, the results indicated that the treatment R
:B
:G
enhanced the medicinal cannabinoids most, and the role of THCA as a stress marker is more decisive in the hemp plant than in other cannabinoids under attributed light-mediated stress.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34439943</pmid><doi>10.3390/biology10080710</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2576-5435</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-3432</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-5824</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1949-0156</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-0067</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-3599</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Biology (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-07, Vol.10 (8), p.710 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Abiotic stress Acids Adaptability antioxidant antioxidant enzymes Antioxidants Cannabinoids Cannabis Enzymatic activity Enzymes Flavonoids Gene expression Hemp light spectra light stress Lipid peroxidation Lipids Marijuana Metabolism Metabolites Morphology Phenols Photosynthesis photosynthetic activities Reactive oxygen species Seedlings Seeds Stress response Temperature effects Tetrahydrocannabinol |
| title | Cannabinoids Accumulation in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plants under LED Light Spectra and Their Discrete Role as a Stress Marker |
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