Effective Bacterial Factors Involved in the Dissemination of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is one of the leading health-threatening globally, especially in developing countries. Several factors such as bacterial, environmental, and host factors contribute to the spreading of this disease. With the emphasis on bacterial factors, different lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have different dissemination rates due to genetic variation, proteome content diversity, and different drug-resistance rates, as well as differences in their virulence rate, which has made diversity in the prevalence of these lineages and their dissemination in certain geographical areas. Among different M. tuberculosis lineages, Beijing strains in lineage 2 are more transmissible than other strains due to their specific characteristics, making them more adapted to intracellular life and increasing pathogenicity in the host. Measures such as rapid diagnosis and timely treatments are needed to control tuberculosis effectively. The disease will be widespread in the community if preventive measures are delayed. This study aimed a comprehensive, complete, and objective investigation of the bacterial factors that are effective in the transmission of tuberculosis and their mechanisms in disease progression to be aware of them in the effective control of the disease.