Copperas as Iron-Based Coagulant for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Ferrous sulfate, known as copperas, is generated from the titanium dioxide manufacturing industries. This by-product has been used in cement processing, agriculture, animal feed sector, printing industries, and water treatment. The coagulation/flocculation process is one of the treatment processes that can be used in this type of chemical coagulant in treating the water or wastewater sample. Considering the coagulation/flocculation process factor, copperas may be a coagulant that gives high removal efficiency. The main objective of the review is to identify the performance of copperas or a combination of copperas with other treatment or chemicals to unlocking its potential in the coagulation/flocculation process.