Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Sunflower Leaf Extract and Their Applications Towards the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Phenanthro Imidazole Derivatives

Plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials has been increasingly practiced day by day due to its eco-friendly nature, simple method without using any hazardous chemicals and solvent. In the present study, we synthesized Titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NPs) using sunflower leaves extract. The synthesized TiO2 NPs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, while morphology and size of the NPs were identified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); elemental composition of materials analyzed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis, and functional groups in plant extract identified by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis responsible for reducing and stabilizing of NPs, crystalline nature of NPs identification by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), colloidal solution stability, the thermal stability of NPs noticed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermo-gravimetric analyses. The synthesized green catalyst TiO2 NPs mediated novel Phenenthro [9,10-d imidazole derivatives(9a-e) have been successfully synthesized with good yields by reacting to 3-methyl-5-phenoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes with 9,10-phenanthrene quinone and ammonium acetate. The structures of the synthesized molecules were characterized by NMRspectroscopy. The fluorescence property of the synthesized molecules (9a-e) in acetonitrile solvent was studied, and all the compounds showed good emission intensity. An in-silico molecular docking was performed on the synthesized molecules (9a-e) using aldose reductase as a target protein. Overall, studies indicate that compounds (9a-e)are promising in developing novel anti-diabetic drugs in the future. The synthesized molecules (9a-e) were further screened for antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method.