Ingression of the hydromedusa Neotima lucullana (delle chiaje, 1822) into the ecosystem of the Neretva river estuary (south-eastern Adriatic, Croatia

Hydromedusa Neotima lucullana is an endemic species of the Mediterranean Sea. In this study we document the first numerous and permanent occurrence of N. lucullana in the estuary of the Neretva River, an unusual habitat for this typical marine species. We provide COI barcode sequence of this species, which is also first genetic sequence ever published of N. lucullana. Weekly data on the occurrence and abundance of N. lucullana were obtained from reports and records of autonomous divers and local fishermen in the area from Opuzen to Metković from mid-June to the end of October 2021. The individuals were always located in the layer above the bottom with salinity between 35.2 and 38.2. The diameters of the jellyfish bells ranged from 15 mm to 72 mm, most of them between 40 mm and 58 mm. Differential development of the gonads was observed in all specimens larger than 25 mm. In mid-June, the specimens were common but solitary. A week later, the jellyfish were more frequent and in smaller aggregations. From late June to mid-September, the jellyfish were constantly observed in larger aggregations. Toward the autumn, the number of individuals gradually decreased, and by the last week of October, only single individuals were observed. Our results indicate significant changes in the ecosystem of the Neretva estuary and confirm the observed composition of zooplankton communities dominated by marine species in summer and autumn. Hidromeduza Neotima lucullana je endemska vrsta Sredozemnog mora. Ovim istraživanjem dokumentiramo prve zapise o brojnoj i dugotrajnoj pojavi meduze N. lucullana u estuariju rijeke Neretve, neobičnom staništu za ovu tipično morsku vrstu. U sklopu ovog istraživanja dobivena je sekvenca podjedinice i citokrom oksidaze (COI), što je ujedno i prva genetička sekvenca ikad objavljena vrste N. lucullana. Tjedni podaci o pojavi i brojnosti N. lucullana dobiveni su na osnovi izvještaja i zapisa autonomnih ronilaca i lokalnih ribara na području od Opuzena do Metkovića od sredine lipnja do kraja listopada 2021. Jedinke meduza su uvijek bile u sloju iznad dna unutar vrijednosti saliniteta između 35,2 i 38,2. Promjer zvona meduza kretao se od 15 mm do 72 mm, glavnina između 40 mm i 58 mm. Diferencijalni razvoj spolnih žlijezda uočen je kod svih primjeraka većih od 25 mm. Sredinom lipnja jedinke su bile uobičajene, ali prisutne pojedinačno. Tjedan dana kasnije, meduze su bile često viđene i u manjim skupinama. Od kraja lipnja do sredine rujna, meduze su bil