Russian Sociology in Search of Responces for Theoretical Challenges

Any social science needs is a theory as its integral part. Since 2022, Russian sociology has existed in the context of new challenges and social threats related to Russia's intentions to change the global balance of power. New conditions stimulate a revision of approaches to solving key problems of society and making adjustments to the theoretical models of its development. This is in many ways a painful process requiring intellectual efforts and political decisions. Since we are talking about Russian sociology, it is necessary to rethink the existing Russian macrotheories. There is an active search for new ways of developing social science. The search for these paths is accompanied by a rethinking of the well-known "universal" ways of modernizing society, which will help Russian sociology to determine its place in the global scientific community, while preserving its own cultural heritage. The article analyzes which theories can be considered relevant in Russia today, focusing on nodernization schemes and civilization approach developed by Russian sociologists, in particular, by Nikolay I. Lapin.