Theoretical background of high sensitivity ‒ systematic review

Aim The aim of the article is to systematize the knowledge regarding the theoretical background of the notion referred to in numerous studies as high sensitivity. The basis for the undertaken analyses is the concept of sensory processing sensitivity, which is important for the theoretical development of the issue of environmental sensitivity. Due to its application value, the concept is used in applied studies of individual differences in sensitivity to environmental stimuli. Based thereon, psychometric tools are developed to measure sensitivity, understood as a phenotypic trait in adults and children. Method The article presents qualitative research that was carried out using a systematic literature review (PRISMA) as part of the project “High sensitivity ‒ innovative module in human sciences” (HSP) No. 2020-1-PL01-KA203-082261. The study was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Results As part of the systematic review, 821 articles were identified containing the keywords “sensory processing sensitivity” OR “highly sensitive person” AND “theory” OR “theoretical background”. After eliminating duplicating articles (n = 33), titles and abstracts were analysed. In the next step, 705 articles were removed in line with the adopted exclusion criteria, and after analysing the full text, another 74 articles were excluded. Eventually, 12 articles were included in the review. Conclusions The obtained results indicate that in the context of the research conducted in this field, three main concepts are mentioned: Differential Sensitivity, Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Biological Sensitivity to Context. Research proves the independence of the sensory processing sensitivity trait from other traits, such as neuroticism or introversion. The concept of environmental sensitivity demonstrates its application value, and psychometric tools are developed within its framework.