A case of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic resection for posterior mediastinal Müllerian cyst

Müllerian cysts arising in the posterior mediastinum are considered benign and good candidates for minimally invasive surgery. We encountered a patient with a posterior mediastinal Müllerian cyst, resected by uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The patient was a 36-year-old woman. Her body mass index was 39.2. She visited a local doctor with back pain. A detailed examination revealed no underlying cause of the back pain, but she was referred to our department because of a cystic lesion in the left posterior mediastinum. A cystic lesion was located adjacent to the seventh thoracic vertebra and descending aorta. Based on our experience, we suspected a neurogenic tumor or intrathoracic meningocele as a cause of the cyst, and performed uniportal thoracoscopic resection. The lesion was a cystic lesion surrounded by a thin wall and was not related to nerves or the intervertebral foramen. Based on the immunopathological features, we diagnosed it as a Müllerian cyst.