Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Olaparib in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Literature

Purpose of the review: This comprehensive review aims to provide a summary of current research on the utilization of olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The review aims to highlight the key findings from recent clinical trials and assess the potential of olaparib as a targeted therapy for improving the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Recent findings: Ovarian cancer remains a significant global health concern with high mortality rates. While optimal debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the standard treatments, the recurrence rates remain substantial. The emergence of PARP inhibitors, particularly olaparib, has introduced a novel therapeutic approach that targets the genomic instability and DNA repair mechanisms in cancer cells. Notable clinical trials, such as SOLO1, SOLO2, and PAOLA-1, have demonstrated the effectiveness of olaparib in significantly improving progression-free survival, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. Additionally, combination therapies involving olaparib, such as those with bevacizumab or entinostat, have shown promising results. Summary: The utilization of olaparib has brought about a paradigm shift in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Notably, it has shown significant improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency. The exploration of olaparib through various clinical trials and combination therapies continues to provide valuable insights and offer new prospects for ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, the growing understanding of PARP inhibitors holds the potential for further advancements in the prognosis of patients with this formidable condition.