Composition, structure and diversity of cove forest stands in the Great Smoky Mountains: a patch dynamics perspective
Cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains are North American examples of old-growth temperate forest. Ecological attributes of seven stands were studied using one 0.6 - 1.0 ha plot per stand. Stand basal area (39 - 55 m2/ha) and biomass (326 - 471 Mg/ha) were high for temperate deciduous forest. Den...
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description | Cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains are North American examples of old-growth temperate forest. Ecological attributes of seven stands were studied using one 0.6 - 1.0 ha plot per stand. Stand basal area (39 - 55 m2/ha) and biomass (326 - 471 Mg/ha) were high for temperate deciduous forest. Density ranged from 577 to 1075 stems/ha. All stands had a mixture of deciduous canopy species. Only rarely did a single species comprise more than half of the stand by density, basal area or biomass. Shade-intolerant species were present at low levels (1 - 5 % of total stand density). A wide range of stem diameters was characteristic of most species. However, some species lacked small stems, indicating discontinuous regeneration. Stands tended to have 10 - 20 tree species per ha and at least five species had biomass levels > 10 Mg/ha, indicating high evenness. Canopy gaps covered 10 % of the total area (2 - 21 % by stand). Gaps and conspecific patches of canopy trees > 0.05 ha in size were infrequent. Spatial analyses revealed a variety of patterns among species at inter-tree distances of 1 to 25 m. When all species were combined, juveniles showed aggregation, and adults were often hyperdispersed. Analyses for individual species confirmed that the mosaic of canopy species is influenced by non-random spatial processes. Adults of several species were aggregated at distances > 10 m. Juveniles of all major species exhibited aggregation. Several species exhibited regeneration near conspecific adults. This pattern suggested limited mobility for such species within the shifting mosaic. A diverse patchwork resulted despite the fact that many species did not exhibit segregation of adults and juveniles. Further understanding of patch dynamics and the potential for compositional steady state in cove forests requires long-term study with spatial data. |
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Ecological attributes of seven stands were studied using one 0.6 - 1.0 ha plot per stand. Stand basal area (39 - 55 m2/ha) and biomass (326 - 471 Mg/ha) were high for temperate deciduous forest. Density ranged from 577 to 1075 stems/ha. All stands had a mixture of deciduous canopy species. Only rarely did a single species comprise more than half of the stand by density, basal area or biomass. Shade-intolerant species were present at low levels (1 - 5 % of total stand density). A wide range of stem diameters was characteristic of most species. However, some species lacked small stems, indicating discontinuous regeneration. Stands tended to have 10 - 20 tree species per ha and at least five species had biomass levels > 10 Mg/ha, indicating high evenness. Canopy gaps covered 10 % of the total area (2 - 21 % by stand). Gaps and conspecific patches of canopy trees > 0.05 ha in size were infrequent. Spatial analyses revealed a variety of patterns among species at inter-tree distances of 1 to 25 m. When all species were combined, juveniles showed aggregation, and adults were often hyperdispersed. Analyses for individual species confirmed that the mosaic of canopy species is influenced by non-random spatial processes. Adults of several species were aggregated at distances > 10 m. Juveniles of all major species exhibited aggregation. Several species exhibited regeneration near conspecific adults. This pattern suggested limited mobility for such species within the shifting mosaic. A diverse patchwork resulted despite the fact that many species did not exhibit segregation of adults and juveniles. Further understanding of patch dynamics and the potential for compositional steady state in cove forests requires long-term study with spatial data.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1100-9233</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1654-1103</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2307/3237053</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>basal area ; biomass ; botanical composition ; Canopy gap dynamics ; Canopy gaps ; Deciduous forests ; diameter ; Forest canopy ; Forest ecology ; Forest regeneration ; Forest stands ; Forest structure ; forests ; Inlets ; mixed forests ; natural regeneration ; Old growth forests ; Old-growth forest ; Patch size ; population dynamics ; shade ; size ; Spatial pattern ; spatial variation ; Species diversity ; stand characteristics ; stand density ; stand structure ; stems ; Temperate deciduous forest ; tolerance ; Trees</subject><ispartof>Journal of vegetation science, 1998-12, Vol.9 (6), p.881-890</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1998 IAVS; Opulus Press Uppsala</rights><rights>1998 IAVS ‐ the International Association of Vegetation Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3432-ae02733a280a069b1b92cc0a8c599409de945ca853140a1784ad10eeb83b251a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3432-ae02733a280a069b1b92cc0a8c599409de945ca853140a1784ad10eeb83b251a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3237053$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3237053$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575,58017,58250</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Busing, Richard T.</creatorcontrib><title>Composition, structure and diversity of cove forest stands in the Great Smoky Mountains: a patch dynamics perspective</title><title>Journal of vegetation science</title><description>Cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains are North American examples of old-growth temperate forest. Ecological attributes of seven stands were studied using one 0.6 - 1.0 ha plot per stand. Stand basal area (39 - 55 m2/ha) and biomass (326 - 471 Mg/ha) were high for temperate deciduous forest. Density ranged from 577 to 1075 stems/ha. All stands had a mixture of deciduous canopy species. Only rarely did a single species comprise more than half of the stand by density, basal area or biomass. Shade-intolerant species were present at low levels (1 - 5 % of total stand density). A wide range of stem diameters was characteristic of most species. However, some species lacked small stems, indicating discontinuous regeneration. Stands tended to have 10 - 20 tree species per ha and at least five species had biomass levels > 10 Mg/ha, indicating high evenness. Canopy gaps covered 10 % of the total area (2 - 21 % by stand). Gaps and conspecific patches of canopy trees > 0.05 ha in size were infrequent. Spatial analyses revealed a variety of patterns among species at inter-tree distances of 1 to 25 m. When all species were combined, juveniles showed aggregation, and adults were often hyperdispersed. Analyses for individual species confirmed that the mosaic of canopy species is influenced by non-random spatial processes. Adults of several species were aggregated at distances > 10 m. Juveniles of all major species exhibited aggregation. Several species exhibited regeneration near conspecific adults. This pattern suggested limited mobility for such species within the shifting mosaic. A diverse patchwork resulted despite the fact that many species did not exhibit segregation of adults and juveniles. Further understanding of patch dynamics and the potential for compositional steady state in cove forests requires long-term study with spatial data.</description><subject>basal area</subject><subject>biomass</subject><subject>botanical composition</subject><subject>Canopy gap dynamics</subject><subject>Canopy gaps</subject><subject>Deciduous forests</subject><subject>diameter</subject><subject>Forest canopy</subject><subject>Forest ecology</subject><subject>Forest regeneration</subject><subject>Forest stands</subject><subject>Forest structure</subject><subject>forests</subject><subject>Inlets</subject><subject>mixed forests</subject><subject>natural regeneration</subject><subject>Old growth forests</subject><subject>Old-growth forest</subject><subject>Patch size</subject><subject>population dynamics</subject><subject>shade</subject><subject>size</subject><subject>Spatial pattern</subject><subject>spatial variation</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>stand characteristics</subject><subject>stand density</subject><subject>stand structure</subject><subject>stems</subject><subject>Temperate deciduous forest</subject><subject>tolerance</subject><subject>Trees</subject><issn>1100-9233</issn><issn>1654-1103</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10E1v1DAQBuAIUYlSEH8ACd-4NGXGk2xibmih26IWDv2AmzXrONRtN45sbyH_Hlep2lNPM9L76B1piuIdwoEkaD6RpAZqelHs4qKuSkSgl3lHgFJJolfF6xivAbBRC9wttku_GX10yflhX8QUtiZtgxU8dKJzdzbkaBK-F8bfWdH7YGPKLMdRuEGkKytWwXISZxt_M4lTvx0SuyF-FixGTuZKdNPAG2eiGHPZaE3KrW-KnZ5vo337MPeKi8Nv58uj8uTn6nj55aQ0VJEs2YJsiFi2wLBQa1wraQxwa2qlKlCdVVVtuK0JK2Bs2oo7BGvXLa1ljUx7xce51wQfY7C9HoPbcJg0gr7_ln74Vpb7s_zrbu30HNPfL88koMz8_cyvY_LhkT-1lXPsYrL_HmMON3rRUFPrXz9Wmr6eL_Ho8Le-zP7D7Hv2mv8EF_XF_SECqRCbGuk_c_-MAA</recordid><startdate>199812</startdate><enddate>199812</enddate><creator>Busing, Richard T.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Opulus Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199812</creationdate><title>Composition, structure and diversity of cove forest stands in the Great Smoky Mountains: a patch dynamics perspective</title><author>Busing, Richard T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3432-ae02733a280a069b1b92cc0a8c599409de945ca853140a1784ad10eeb83b251a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>basal area</topic><topic>biomass</topic><topic>botanical composition</topic><topic>Canopy gap dynamics</topic><topic>Canopy gaps</topic><topic>Deciduous forests</topic><topic>diameter</topic><topic>Forest canopy</topic><topic>Forest ecology</topic><topic>Forest regeneration</topic><topic>Forest stands</topic><topic>Forest structure</topic><topic>forests</topic><topic>Inlets</topic><topic>mixed forests</topic><topic>natural regeneration</topic><topic>Old growth forests</topic><topic>Old-growth forest</topic><topic>Patch size</topic><topic>population dynamics</topic><topic>shade</topic><topic>size</topic><topic>Spatial pattern</topic><topic>spatial variation</topic><topic>Species diversity</topic><topic>stand characteristics</topic><topic>stand density</topic><topic>stand structure</topic><topic>stems</topic><topic>Temperate deciduous forest</topic><topic>tolerance</topic><topic>Trees</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Busing, Richard T.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of vegetation science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Busing, Richard T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Composition, structure and diversity of cove forest stands in the Great Smoky Mountains: a patch dynamics perspective</atitle><jtitle>Journal of vegetation science</jtitle><date>1998-12</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>881</spage><epage>890</epage><pages>881-890</pages><issn>1100-9233</issn><eissn>1654-1103</eissn><abstract>Cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains are North American examples of old-growth temperate forest. Ecological attributes of seven stands were studied using one 0.6 - 1.0 ha plot per stand. Stand basal area (39 - 55 m2/ha) and biomass (326 - 471 Mg/ha) were high for temperate deciduous forest. Density ranged from 577 to 1075 stems/ha. All stands had a mixture of deciduous canopy species. Only rarely did a single species comprise more than half of the stand by density, basal area or biomass. Shade-intolerant species were present at low levels (1 - 5 % of total stand density). A wide range of stem diameters was characteristic of most species. However, some species lacked small stems, indicating discontinuous regeneration. Stands tended to have 10 - 20 tree species per ha and at least five species had biomass levels > 10 Mg/ha, indicating high evenness. Canopy gaps covered 10 % of the total area (2 - 21 % by stand). Gaps and conspecific patches of canopy trees > 0.05 ha in size were infrequent. Spatial analyses revealed a variety of patterns among species at inter-tree distances of 1 to 25 m. When all species were combined, juveniles showed aggregation, and adults were often hyperdispersed. Analyses for individual species confirmed that the mosaic of canopy species is influenced by non-random spatial processes. Adults of several species were aggregated at distances > 10 m. Juveniles of all major species exhibited aggregation. Several species exhibited regeneration near conspecific adults. This pattern suggested limited mobility for such species within the shifting mosaic. A diverse patchwork resulted despite the fact that many species did not exhibit segregation of adults and juveniles. Further understanding of patch dynamics and the potential for compositional steady state in cove forests requires long-term study with spatial data.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.2307/3237053</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | basal area biomass botanical composition Canopy gap dynamics Canopy gaps Deciduous forests diameter Forest canopy Forest ecology Forest regeneration Forest stands Forest structure forests Inlets mixed forests natural regeneration Old growth forests Old-growth forest Patch size population dynamics shade size Spatial pattern spatial variation Species diversity stand characteristics stand density stand structure stems Temperate deciduous forest tolerance Trees |
title | Composition, structure and diversity of cove forest stands in the Great Smoky Mountains: a patch dynamics perspective |
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