On the effect of the roughnessof leading edge of natural ice sheet on ice load

The effect of the shape of leading edge of an ice sheet on ice force is investigated through the field ice indentation tests using natural freshwater lake ice. The shape of leading edge of natural sea ice near blaff in the harbour is also measured to know how the roughness of its surface is in the real world. And, the shape of leading edge of natural sea ice after ice indentation test is measured to evaluate the actual contact area of ice with structure, in turn to estimate the nature of subsequent (potential) local failure of ice sheet.