Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to Examine the Use of Information Communication Technologies and Loneliness Among Low-Income, Older Asian Americans: Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis

Loneliness is a significant issue among older Asian Americans, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Older age, lower income, limited education, and immigrant status heighten loneliness risk. Information communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with decreased loneliness among older adu...

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Veröffentlicht in:	JMIR aging 2025-01, Vol.8, p.e63856
Hauptverfasser:	DeLange Martinez, Pauline, Tancredi, Daniel, Pavel, Misha, Garcia, Lorena, Young, Heather M
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Schlagworte:	Aged Aged, 80 and over Asian - psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Information Technology Loneliness - psychology Male Middle Aged Poverty - psychology Surveys and Questionnaires United States - epidemiology
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description	Loneliness is a significant issue among older Asian Americans, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Older age, lower income, limited education, and immigrant status heighten loneliness risk. Information communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with decreased loneliness among older adults. However, older Asian Americans are less likely to use ICTs, particularly if they are immigrants, have limited English proficiency, or are low income. The Technology Acceptance Model posits that perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) are key factors in predicting technology use. This study aimed to examine associations between PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness among low-income, older Asian Americans. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from predominately older Asian Americans in affordable senior housing (N=401). Using exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis, we examined 12 survey items to identify factors accounting for variance in ICT use. We deployed structural equation modeling to explore relationships among the latent factors and loneliness, adjusting for demographic and cognitive factors. Exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis revealed 3 factors that accounted for 56.48% (6.78/12) total variance. PEOU combined items from validated subscales of tech anxiety and comfort, accounting for a 28.44% (3.41/12) variance. ICT use combined years of technological experience, computer, tablet, and smartphone use frequency, accounting for 15.59% (1.87/12) variance. PU combined 2 items assessing the usefulness of technology for social connection and learning and accounted for a 12.44% (1.49/12) variance. The 3-factor structural equation modeling revealed reasonable fit indexes (χ =345.132; P
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Older age, lower income, limited education, and immigrant status heighten loneliness risk. Information communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with decreased loneliness among older adults. However, older Asian Americans are less likely to use ICTs, particularly if they are immigrants, have limited English proficiency, or are low income. The Technology Acceptance Model posits that perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) are key factors in predicting technology use. This study aimed to examine associations between PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness among low-income, older Asian Americans. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from predominately older Asian Americans in affordable senior housing (N=401). Using exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis, we examined 12 survey items to identify factors accounting for variance in ICT use. We deployed structural equation modeling to explore relationships among the latent factors and loneliness, adjusting for demographic and cognitive factors. Exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis revealed 3 factors that accounted for 56.48% (6.78/12) total variance. PEOU combined items from validated subscales of tech anxiety and comfort, accounting for a 28.44% (3.41/12) variance. ICT use combined years of technological experience, computer, tablet, and smartphone use frequency, accounting for 15.59% (1.87/12) variance. PU combined 2 items assessing the usefulness of technology for social connection and learning and accounted for a 12.44% (1.49/12) variance. The 3-factor structural equation modeling revealed reasonable fit indexes (χ =345.132; P<.001, chi-square minimum (CMIN)/df = 2595, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.93, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.88). PEOU was positively associated with PU (β=.15; P=.01); PEOU and PU were positive predictors of ICT use (PEOU β=.26, P<.001; PU β=.18, P=.01); and ICT use was negatively associated with loneliness (β=-.28, P<.001). Demographic and health covariates also significantly influenced PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness. English proficiency and education positively predicted PEOU (r=0.25, P<.001; r=0.26, P<.001) and ICT use (β=1.66, P=.03; β=.21, P<.001), while subjective cognitive decline and Asian ethnicity were positively associated with loneliness (β=.31, P<.001; β=.25, P<.001). This study suggests that targeted interventions enhancing PU or PEOU could increase ICT acceptance and reduce loneliness among low-income Asian Americans. Findings also underscore the importance of considering limited English proficiency and subjective cognitive decline when designing interventions and in future research.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 2561-7605</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2561-7605</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2196/63856</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39778204</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: JMIR Publications</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian - psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Information Technology ; Loneliness - psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poverty - psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>JMIR aging, 2025-01, Vol.8, p.e63856</ispartof><rights>Pauline DeLange Martinez, Daniel Tancredi, Misha Pavel, Lorena Garcia, Heather M Young. Originally published in JMIR Aging (https://aging.jmir.org), 08.01.2025.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1524-c8b81e1a63b8b8acd9169607ce0f6e8e884504eb7e116284e5e4c4a71a6385f33</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9976-761X ; 0000-0002-9983-4114 ; 0000-0002-3884-7907 ; 0000-0002-8023-6405 ; 0000-0002-1691-3993</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,2095,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39778204$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>DeLange Martinez, Pauline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tancredi, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavel, Misha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia, Lorena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Heather M</creatorcontrib><title>Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to Examine the Use of Information Communication Technologies and Loneliness Among Low-Income, Older Asian Americans: Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis</title><title>JMIR aging</title><addtitle>JMIR Aging</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Loneliness is a significant issue among older Asian Americans, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Older age, lower income, limited education, and immigrant status heighten loneliness risk. Information communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with decreased loneliness among older adults. However, older Asian Americans are less likely to use ICTs, particularly if they are immigrants, have limited English proficiency, or are low income. The Technology Acceptance Model posits that perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) are key factors in predicting technology use. This study aimed to examine associations between PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness among low-income, older Asian Americans. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from predominately older Asian Americans in affordable senior housing (N=401). Using exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis, we examined 12 survey items to identify factors accounting for variance in ICT use. We deployed structural equation modeling to explore relationships among the latent factors and loneliness, adjusting for demographic and cognitive factors. Exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis revealed 3 factors that accounted for 56.48% (6.78/12) total variance. PEOU combined items from validated subscales of tech anxiety and comfort, accounting for a 28.44% (3.41/12) variance. ICT use combined years of technological experience, computer, tablet, and smartphone use frequency, accounting for 15.59% (1.87/12) variance. PU combined 2 items assessing the usefulness of technology for social connection and learning and accounted for a 12.44% (1.49/12) variance. The 3-factor structural equation modeling revealed reasonable fit indexes (χ =345.132; P<.001, chi-square minimum (CMIN)/df = 2595, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.93, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.88). PEOU was positively associated with PU (β=.15; P=.01); PEOU and PU were positive predictors of ICT use (PEOU β=.26, P<.001; PU β=.18, P=.01); and ICT use was negatively associated with loneliness (β=-.28, P<.001). Demographic and health covariates also significantly influenced PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness. English proficiency and education positively predicted PEOU (r=0.25, P<.001; r=0.26, P<.001) and ICT use (β=1.66, P=.03; β=.21, P<.001), while subjective cognitive decline and Asian ethnicity were positively associated with loneliness (β=.31, P<.001; β=.25, P<.001). This study suggests that targeted interventions enhancing PU or PEOU could increase ICT acceptance and reduce loneliness among low-income Asian Americans. Findings also underscore the importance of considering limited English proficiency and subjective cognitive decline when designing interventions and in future research.]]></description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Asian - psychology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Information Technology</subject><subject>Loneliness - psychology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Poverty - psychology</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>2561-7605</issn><issn>2561-7605</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkU1u2zAQhYWgQRKkvkLATYEuqpYUf0R1Jxhpa8BFFknWwogaOQwk0iWltj5c7hbaTo2u-Mh58w0xL8sWjH4uWKW-KK6lOsuuCqlYXioq3_2nL7NFjM-U0qJglFf0IrvkVVnqgoqr7KXuYDtZtyHTE5IHNE_OD36zI7UxuJ3AGSQ_fYcDmTy5_QujdXiwPkYkvicr1_swwmS9I0s_jrOz5ng7sSxGAq4ja-9wSO0xknr0aeLa_8lXzvgRP5G7ocNA6mjBpSqGRHHxK1kGH2N-j2aPhIHcz-E3ps8lvYs2vs_OexgiLt7O6-zx2-3D8ke-vvu-Wtbr3DBZiNzoVjNkoHibFJiuYqpStDRIe4UatRaSCmxLZEwVWqBEYQSU-w4te86vs9WR23l4brbBjhB2jQfbHB582DQQJmsGbESPjLeGU9ZXCdIC9shBsooJDqITifXxyNoG_2vGODWjjQaHARz6OTacSa7LSkqdrB-OVrNfQ8D-NJrRZh98cwg--W7ekHM7Yndy_YuZvwISrqmY</recordid><startdate>20250108</startdate><enddate>20250108</enddate><creator>DeLange Martinez, Pauline</creator><creator>Tancredi, Daniel</creator><creator>Pavel, Misha</creator><creator>Garcia, Lorena</creator><creator>Young, Heather M</creator><general>JMIR Publications</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-761X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9983-4114</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-7907</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-6405</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-3993</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20250108</creationdate><title>Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to Examine the Use of Information Communication Technologies and Loneliness Among Low-Income, Older Asian Americans: Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis</title><author>DeLange Martinez, Pauline ; Tancredi, Daniel ; Pavel, Misha ; Garcia, Lorena ; Young, Heather M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1524-c8b81e1a63b8b8acd9169607ce0f6e8e884504eb7e116284e5e4c4a71a6385f33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Asian - psychology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Information Technology</topic><topic>Loneliness - psychology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Poverty - psychology</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>DeLange Martinez, Pauline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tancredi, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavel, Misha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia, Lorena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Heather M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>JMIR aging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>DeLange Martinez, Pauline</au><au>Tancredi, Daniel</au><au>Pavel, Misha</au><au>Garcia, Lorena</au><au>Young, Heather M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to Examine the Use of Information Communication Technologies and Loneliness Among Low-Income, Older Asian Americans: Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis</atitle><jtitle>JMIR aging</jtitle><addtitle>JMIR Aging</addtitle><date>2025-01-08</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>8</volume><spage>e63856</spage><pages>e63856-</pages><issn>2561-7605</issn><eissn>2561-7605</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Loneliness is a significant issue among older Asian Americans, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Older age, lower income, limited education, and immigrant status heighten loneliness risk. Information communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with decreased loneliness among older adults. However, older Asian Americans are less likely to use ICTs, particularly if they are immigrants, have limited English proficiency, or are low income. The Technology Acceptance Model posits that perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) are key factors in predicting technology use. This study aimed to examine associations between PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness among low-income, older Asian Americans. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from predominately older Asian Americans in affordable senior housing (N=401). Using exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis, we examined 12 survey items to identify factors accounting for variance in ICT use. We deployed structural equation modeling to explore relationships among the latent factors and loneliness, adjusting for demographic and cognitive factors. Exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis revealed 3 factors that accounted for 56.48% (6.78/12) total variance. PEOU combined items from validated subscales of tech anxiety and comfort, accounting for a 28.44% (3.41/12) variance. ICT use combined years of technological experience, computer, tablet, and smartphone use frequency, accounting for 15.59% (1.87/12) variance. PU combined 2 items assessing the usefulness of technology for social connection and learning and accounted for a 12.44% (1.49/12) variance. The 3-factor structural equation modeling revealed reasonable fit indexes (χ =345.132; P<.001, chi-square minimum (CMIN)/df = 2595, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.93, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.88). PEOU was positively associated with PU (β=.15; P=.01); PEOU and PU were positive predictors of ICT use (PEOU β=.26, P<.001; PU β=.18, P=.01); and ICT use was negatively associated with loneliness (β=-.28, P<.001). Demographic and health covariates also significantly influenced PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness. English proficiency and education positively predicted PEOU (r=0.25, P<.001; r=0.26, P<.001) and ICT use (β=1.66, P=.03; β=.21, P<.001), while subjective cognitive decline and Asian ethnicity were positively associated with loneliness (β=.31, P<.001; β=.25, P<.001). This study suggests that targeted interventions enhancing PU or PEOU could increase ICT acceptance and reduce loneliness among low-income Asian Americans. Findings also underscore the importance of considering limited English proficiency and subjective cognitive decline when designing interventions and in future research.]]></abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>JMIR Publications</pub><pmid>39778204</pmid><doi>10.2196/63856</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-761X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9983-4114</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-7907</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-6405</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-3993</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects	Aged Aged, 80 and over Asian - psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Information Technology Loneliness - psychology Male Middle Aged Poverty - psychology Surveys and Questionnaires United States - epidemiology
title	Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model to Examine the Use of Information Communication Technologies and Loneliness Among Low-Income, Older Asian Americans: Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis
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