Nove terapije u liječenju Alzheimerove bolesti

Razvoj medicine produžio je ljudski životni vijek, ali povećanjem udjela starogstanovništva raste i incidencija neurodegenerativnih bolesti kao što je Alzheimerova bolest. Donedavno je jedina opcija za liječenje Alzheimerove bolesti bila simptomatska terapija u obliku inhibitora kolinesteraze (rivas...

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Veröffentlicht in:Medicina fluminensis 2023-03, Vol.59 (1), p.4-15
Hauptverfasser: Tomić, Svetlana, Jurić, Stjepan, Gudelj, Ema, Hrvoić, Lovro, Perković, Romana
Format: Artikel
Sprache:hrv ; eng
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Zusammenfassung:Razvoj medicine produžio je ljudski životni vijek, ali povećanjem udjela starogstanovništva raste i incidencija neurodegenerativnih bolesti kao što je Alzheimerova bolest. Donedavno je jedina opcija za liječenje Alzheimerove bolesti bila simptomatska terapija u obliku inhibitora kolinesteraze (rivastigmin, donepezil, galantamin) ili antagonista NMDA receptora (memantin). Pokušaji pronalaska potencijalne terapije koja ne ublažava samo kliničku sliku, već može i usporiti ili potpuno zaustaviti progresiju neurološkog i kognitivnog propadanja, usmjereni su na dvije osnovne morfološke karakteristike bolesti – amiloidne plakove i hiperfosforilirane tau neurofibrilarne snopiće, zbog čega se naziva antiamiloidnom i antitau terapijom. Taj se terapijski pristup temelji na inhibiciji sinteze beta-amiloida ili proteina tau, sprječavanju njihova taloženja u agregate ili uklanjanju nastalih patoloških oblika primjenom specifičnih protutijela. Jedan takav lijek, aducunumab (originalno ime Aduhelm), nedavno je odobrio FDA za liječenje blage Alzheimerove bolesti. The developments in the field of medicine have led to an increase in humanlifespan, but with it comes the growth of older population which is followed by an increase in incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Until recently, the only available therapy for Alzheimer’s disease was symptomatic in nature, such as the cholinesteraze inhibitors (rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine) and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. Current attempts to find the potential disease-modifying therapy are targeting two typical morphological features of the disease, amyloid plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles, which is why they are classified as anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapy. This approach is based on inhibition of beta-amyloid or tau protein synthesis,prevention of their aggregation or promotion of their clearence through use of specific antibodies. One such drug, aducunumab (brand name Aduhelm), has recently been approved by the FDA for treatment of mild Alzheimer’s disease.
ISSN:1847-6864
1848-820X
DOI:10.21860/medflum2023_292445