A Climatological Study of the Local “Karakkaze” Wind, with a Focus on Temperature Change

This study revealed that the Karakkaze events accompanied by rising temperature are more frequent than those accompanied by dropping temperature. This finding contrasted with the general belief for many years that the Karakkaze is a bora-type local wind. By focusing on the temporal evolution of temperature and wind, we were able to characterize three types of Karakkazes as follows: the surface wind speed and temperature both increase in the morning and then decrease in the afternoon (type Foehn-D); during the night, the temperature increases or stops decreasing, and the surface wind speed increases (type Foehn-N); and in the morning, the temperature decreases or stops increasing, and the surface wind speed increases (type Bora). As a result, we found that among the 238 Karakkazes that we identified, 103 were type Foehn-D events, 56 were type Foehn-N events, and 79 were type Bora events.