EFFECTS OF ZAMZAM WATER AND METHADONE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR-1 GENE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RATS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION
Background: Sodium ion is an essential ion that is implicated in many physiological functions. Recently, sodium ion was reported to facilitate the activation of Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) by binding at the allosteric site of the MOR. Zamzam water is water originated from Mecca. Couple of studies prove...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines complementary, and alternative medicines, 2018-11, Vol.15 (2), p.19-25 |
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| creator | Halim, Shariff Mohamad, Nasir Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah Husain, Rohayah Mat, Khairi Che Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Othman, Mohd Shahril Muhammad, Nur Atikah Ridzuan, P.M Ahmad, Nor Zidah |
| description | Background: Sodium ion is an essential ion that is implicated in many
physiological functions. Recently, sodium ion was reported to
facilitate the activation of Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) by binding at the
allosteric site of the MOR. Zamzam water is water originated from
Mecca. Couple of studies proved that Zamzam water has the therapeutic
effect owing to its mineral. In this study, we want to determine the
ion concentration of Zamzam water and then to investigate the effects
of Zamzam water and co-treatment with methadone on the regulation of
MOR-1gene after chronic morphine administration. Materials and Methods:
Zamzam water, tap water and normal mineral water were analyzed using
Ion chromatography. Meanwhile, in animal study, 50 male Sprague Dawley
rats were randomly divided into five groups. All group of rat were made
dependence on morphine using intraperitoneal injection except for
normal group. Morphine dependent rats then were treated with methadone,
Zamzam water and co-treatment methadone with Zamzam water for thirty
days, respectively. The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of rat's
brain was dissected and subjected to real-time quantitative RT-PCR to
determine the regulation of MOR-1 gene expression. The obtained data
were analyzed using SPSS v.11 software, and one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's Post-test. Results: The data obtained showed that Zamzam
water is significantly high in ion concentration compared to tap water
and normal mineral water. Besides, the result from gene expression
analysis showed co-treatment Zamzam water and methadone significantly
prevented the downregulation of MOR as compared to methadone and Zamzam
water treatment alone (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.21010/ajtcam.v15i2.3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>bioline_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_21010_ajtcam_v15i2_3</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>cria_bioline_tc_tc18025</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b1057-4273aaf6b455f8a2c3674402ca54adabea57d19cc22b12dd3db28aa9d94a12193</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNo9kF9LwzAUxYMoOKfPvuYLpEvSpn8eS5uugTUpbYfiS0n_QcfmpB2CH8Tva9x0cOByL79zLhwAngm2KMEEr_Tu1OqD9UnYSC37Biwowwxh7Di3YIGJHyAXE_cePMzzDmPbJ9RbgG-eJDyqSqgS-BZmRvAlrHgBQxnDjFdpGCvJoZKwSjnkr3nBy1KY1fDZFqlcKBHDgkc8r1SBCFxzgwsJM1XkqZAcxTznMuaygkVo_oTJb3qUFkqK6ErBMM6EFGVlGJP-CO4GvZ_7p7-5BNuEV1GKNmotonCDGoKZhxzq2VoPbuMwNviatrbrOQ6mrWaO7nTTa-Z1JGhbShtCu87uGuprHXSBowklgb0Eq0tuOx3neeqH-mMaD3r6qgmuz63Wl1brc6u1bRzWxdGMx_343l8N7TTq-v94ao2IjymzfwA3kHJv</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>EFFECTS OF ZAMZAM WATER AND METHADONE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR-1 GENE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RATS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION</title><source>Bioline International</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Halim, Shariff ; Mohamad, Nasir ; Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah ; Husain, Rohayah ; Mat, Khairi Che ; Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed ; Othman, Mohd Shahril ; Muhammad, Nur Atikah ; Ridzuan, P.M ; Ahmad, Nor Zidah</creator><creatorcontrib>Halim, Shariff ; Mohamad, Nasir ; Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah ; Husain, Rohayah ; Mat, Khairi Che ; Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed ; Othman, Mohd Shahril ; Muhammad, Nur Atikah ; Ridzuan, P.M ; Ahmad, Nor Zidah</creatorcontrib><description>Background: Sodium ion is an essential ion that is implicated in many
physiological functions. Recently, sodium ion was reported to
facilitate the activation of Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) by binding at the
allosteric site of the MOR. Zamzam water is water originated from
Mecca. Couple of studies proved that Zamzam water has the therapeutic
effect owing to its mineral. In this study, we want to determine the
ion concentration of Zamzam water and then to investigate the effects
of Zamzam water and co-treatment with methadone on the regulation of
MOR-1gene after chronic morphine administration. Materials and Methods:
Zamzam water, tap water and normal mineral water were analyzed using
Ion chromatography. Meanwhile, in animal study, 50 male Sprague Dawley
rats were randomly divided into five groups. All group of rat were made
dependence on morphine using intraperitoneal injection except for
normal group. Morphine dependent rats then were treated with methadone,
Zamzam water and co-treatment methadone with Zamzam water for thirty
days, respectively. The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of rat's
brain was dissected and subjected to real-time quantitative RT-PCR to
determine the regulation of MOR-1 gene expression. The obtained data
were analyzed using SPSS v.11 software, and one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's Post-test. Results: The data obtained showed that Zamzam
water is significantly high in ion concentration compared to tap water
and normal mineral water. Besides, the result from gene expression
analysis showed co-treatment Zamzam water and methadone significantly
prevented the downregulation of MOR as compared to methadone and Zamzam
water treatment alone (P<0.05). A possible explanation for this
might be due to the presence of sodium ion in Zamzam water which
activate MOR then promote the endocytosis of the MOR. Conclusion: We
concluded that co-treatment of methadone and Zamzam water significantly
prevented downregulation of MOR-1 gene by promoting the endocytosis of
MOR.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0189-6016</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2505-0044</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v15i2.3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>African Ethnomedicines Network</publisher><subject>Gene Expression ; methadone ; Morphine ; morphine withdrawal symptoms ; Mu-Opioid Receptor ; Zamzam water</subject><ispartof>African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines, 2018-11, Vol.15 (2), p.19-25</ispartof><rights>Copyright [2018] - African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,79169</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Halim, Shariff</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamad, Nasir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Husain, Rohayah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mat, Khairi Che</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Othman, Mohd Shahril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muhammad, Nur Atikah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ridzuan, P.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Nor Zidah</creatorcontrib><title>EFFECTS OF ZAMZAM WATER AND METHADONE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR-1 GENE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RATS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION</title><title>African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines</title><description>Background: Sodium ion is an essential ion that is implicated in many
physiological functions. Recently, sodium ion was reported to
facilitate the activation of Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) by binding at the
allosteric site of the MOR. Zamzam water is water originated from
Mecca. Couple of studies proved that Zamzam water has the therapeutic
effect owing to its mineral. In this study, we want to determine the
ion concentration of Zamzam water and then to investigate the effects
of Zamzam water and co-treatment with methadone on the regulation of
MOR-1gene after chronic morphine administration. Materials and Methods:
Zamzam water, tap water and normal mineral water were analyzed using
Ion chromatography. Meanwhile, in animal study, 50 male Sprague Dawley
rats were randomly divided into five groups. All group of rat were made
dependence on morphine using intraperitoneal injection except for
normal group. Morphine dependent rats then were treated with methadone,
Zamzam water and co-treatment methadone with Zamzam water for thirty
days, respectively. The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of rat's
brain was dissected and subjected to real-time quantitative RT-PCR to
determine the regulation of MOR-1 gene expression. The obtained data
were analyzed using SPSS v.11 software, and one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's Post-test. Results: The data obtained showed that Zamzam
water is significantly high in ion concentration compared to tap water
and normal mineral water. Besides, the result from gene expression
analysis showed co-treatment Zamzam water and methadone significantly
prevented the downregulation of MOR as compared to methadone and Zamzam
water treatment alone (P<0.05). A possible explanation for this
might be due to the presence of sodium ion in Zamzam water which
activate MOR then promote the endocytosis of the MOR. Conclusion: We
concluded that co-treatment of methadone and Zamzam water significantly
prevented downregulation of MOR-1 gene by promoting the endocytosis of
MOR.</description><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>methadone</subject><subject>Morphine</subject><subject>morphine withdrawal symptoms</subject><subject>Mu-Opioid Receptor</subject><subject>Zamzam water</subject><issn>0189-6016</issn><issn>2505-0044</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RBI</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kF9LwzAUxYMoOKfPvuYLpEvSpn8eS5uugTUpbYfiS0n_QcfmpB2CH8Tva9x0cOByL79zLhwAngm2KMEEr_Tu1OqD9UnYSC37Biwowwxh7Di3YIGJHyAXE_cePMzzDmPbJ9RbgG-eJDyqSqgS-BZmRvAlrHgBQxnDjFdpGCvJoZKwSjnkr3nBy1KY1fDZFqlcKBHDgkc8r1SBCFxzgwsJM1XkqZAcxTznMuaygkVo_oTJb3qUFkqK6ErBMM6EFGVlGJP-CO4GvZ_7p7-5BNuEV1GKNmotonCDGoKZhxzq2VoPbuMwNviatrbrOQ6mrWaO7nTTa-Z1JGhbShtCu87uGuprHXSBowklgb0Eq0tuOx3neeqH-mMaD3r6qgmuz63Wl1brc6u1bRzWxdGMx_343l8N7TTq-v94ao2IjymzfwA3kHJv</recordid><startdate>20181106</startdate><enddate>20181106</enddate><creator>Halim, Shariff</creator><creator>Mohamad, Nasir</creator><creator>Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah</creator><creator>Husain, Rohayah</creator><creator>Mat, Khairi Che</creator><creator>Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed</creator><creator>Othman, Mohd Shahril</creator><creator>Muhammad, Nur Atikah</creator><creator>Ridzuan, P.M</creator><creator>Ahmad, Nor Zidah</creator><general>African Ethnomedicines Network</general><scope>RBI</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20181106</creationdate><title>EFFECTS OF ZAMZAM WATER AND METHADONE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR-1 GENE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RATS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION</title><author>Halim, Shariff ; Mohamad, Nasir ; Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah ; Husain, Rohayah ; Mat, Khairi Che ; Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed ; Othman, Mohd Shahril ; Muhammad, Nur Atikah ; Ridzuan, P.M ; Ahmad, Nor Zidah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b1057-4273aaf6b455f8a2c3674402ca54adabea57d19cc22b12dd3db28aa9d94a12193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>methadone</topic><topic>Morphine</topic><topic>morphine withdrawal symptoms</topic><topic>Mu-Opioid Receptor</topic><topic>Zamzam water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Halim, Shariff</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamad, Nasir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Husain, Rohayah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mat, Khairi Che</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Othman, Mohd Shahril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muhammad, Nur Atikah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ridzuan, P.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Nor Zidah</creatorcontrib><collection>Bioline International</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Halim, Shariff</au><au>Mohamad, Nasir</au><au>Abu Bakar, Nor Hidayah</au><au>Husain, Rohayah</au><au>Mat, Khairi Che</au><au>Omar, Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed</au><au>Othman, Mohd Shahril</au><au>Muhammad, Nur Atikah</au><au>Ridzuan, P.M</au><au>Ahmad, Nor Zidah</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>EFFECTS OF ZAMZAM WATER AND METHADONE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR-1 GENE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RATS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION</atitle><jtitle>African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines</jtitle><date>2018-11-06</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>19</spage><epage>25</epage><pages>19-25</pages><issn>0189-6016</issn><eissn>2505-0044</eissn><abstract>Background: Sodium ion is an essential ion that is implicated in many
physiological functions. Recently, sodium ion was reported to
facilitate the activation of Mu-Opioid Receptor (MOR) by binding at the
allosteric site of the MOR. Zamzam water is water originated from
Mecca. Couple of studies proved that Zamzam water has the therapeutic
effect owing to its mineral. In this study, we want to determine the
ion concentration of Zamzam water and then to investigate the effects
of Zamzam water and co-treatment with methadone on the regulation of
MOR-1gene after chronic morphine administration. Materials and Methods:
Zamzam water, tap water and normal mineral water were analyzed using
Ion chromatography. Meanwhile, in animal study, 50 male Sprague Dawley
rats were randomly divided into five groups. All group of rat were made
dependence on morphine using intraperitoneal injection except for
normal group. Morphine dependent rats then were treated with methadone,
Zamzam water and co-treatment methadone with Zamzam water for thirty
days, respectively. The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) of rat's
brain was dissected and subjected to real-time quantitative RT-PCR to
determine the regulation of MOR-1 gene expression. The obtained data
were analyzed using SPSS v.11 software, and one-way ANOVA followed by
Tukey's Post-test. Results: The data obtained showed that Zamzam
water is significantly high in ion concentration compared to tap water
and normal mineral water. Besides, the result from gene expression
analysis showed co-treatment Zamzam water and methadone significantly
prevented the downregulation of MOR as compared to methadone and Zamzam
water treatment alone (P<0.05). A possible explanation for this
might be due to the presence of sodium ion in Zamzam water which
activate MOR then promote the endocytosis of the MOR. Conclusion: We
concluded that co-treatment of methadone and Zamzam water significantly
prevented downregulation of MOR-1 gene by promoting the endocytosis of
MOR.</abstract><pub>African Ethnomedicines Network</pub><doi>10.21010/ajtcam.v15i2.3</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0189-6016 |
| ispartof | African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines, 2018-11, Vol.15 (2), p.19-25 |
| issn | 0189-6016 2505-0044 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Bioline International; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Gene Expression methadone Morphine morphine withdrawal symptoms Mu-Opioid Receptor Zamzam water |
| title | EFFECTS OF ZAMZAM WATER AND METHADONE ON THE EXPRESSION OF MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR-1 GENE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RATS AFTER CHRONIC MORPHINE ADMINISTRATION |
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