Experimental evidence and 43 years of monitoring data show that food limits reproduction in a food-caching passerine
Several species of birds and mammals overcome periods of scarcity by caching food, but for the vast majority of species, it is virtually unknown whether they are food limited during these periods. The Gray Jay ( Perisoreus canadensis ) is a boreal-resident, food-caching passerine that breeds in late...
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creator | Derbyshire, Rachael Strickland, Dan Norris, D. Ryan |
description | Several species of birds and mammals overcome periods of scarcity by caching food, but for the vast majority of species, it is virtually unknown whether they are food limited during these periods. The Gray Jay (
Perisoreus canadensis
) is a boreal-resident, food-caching passerine that breeds in late winter when fresh food is scarce. Using a two-year experiment and 43 years of monitoring data, we examined the food limitation hypothesis in a population of Gray Jays in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, that has declined by over 50% in the last three decades. Breeding pairs that were experimentally food supplemented during the pre-breeding period laid eggs earlier in the season and had larger brood sizes than non-supplemented controls. From the long-term data, we found strong evidence that pairs that were regularly supplemented by the public (park visitors) tended to lay eggs earlier and have larger clutches and brood sizes compared to pairs that were not supplemented. Nestling body condition (mass controlled for body size) was not influenced by either experimental or public food supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis that Gray Jays are food limited during their late-winter breeding period and suggest that warmer fall temperatures, which have been hypothesized to lead to cache spoilage, may have a significant impact on reproductive success in this declining population. Moreover, our results contribute to understanding how public feeding can influence the fitness of wild animals. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1890/15-0191.1 |
format | Article |
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Perisoreus canadensis
) is a boreal-resident, food-caching passerine that breeds in late winter when fresh food is scarce. Using a two-year experiment and 43 years of monitoring data, we examined the food limitation hypothesis in a population of Gray Jays in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, that has declined by over 50% in the last three decades. Breeding pairs that were experimentally food supplemented during the pre-breeding period laid eggs earlier in the season and had larger brood sizes than non-supplemented controls. From the long-term data, we found strong evidence that pairs that were regularly supplemented by the public (park visitors) tended to lay eggs earlier and have larger clutches and brood sizes compared to pairs that were not supplemented. Nestling body condition (mass controlled for body size) was not influenced by either experimental or public food supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis that Gray Jays are food limited during their late-winter breeding period and suggest that warmer fall temperatures, which have been hypothesized to lead to cache spoilage, may have a significant impact on reproductive success in this declining population. Moreover, our results contribute to understanding how public feeding can influence the fitness of wild animals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/15-0191.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27070019</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada ; Animal nesting ; Animal reproduction ; Animals ; Bird nesting ; Birds ; Breeding ; caching ; Clutch size ; Diet ; Dietary supplements ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior - physiology ; Female ; Female animals ; Food ; Food availability ; food limitation ; Food spoilage ; food supplementation ; Food supply ; Genetic Fitness ; Gray Jay ; long-term data ; Male ; Mammals ; Models, Biological ; Nonnative species ; Passeriformes - physiology ; Perisoreus canadensis ; population decline ; Population Dynamics ; public feeding ; reproduction ; Reproduction - physiology ; Seasons</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2015-11, Vol.96 (11), p.3005-3015</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2015 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Nov 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5415-d4752d97e56b2aebe7512baa1514ac7ed560e31c823abe20432dfa3ae5b1306f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5415-d4752d97e56b2aebe7512baa1514ac7ed560e31c823abe20432dfa3ae5b1306f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24702426$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24702426$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27070019$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Derbyshire, Rachael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strickland, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norris, D. Ryan</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental evidence and 43 years of monitoring data show that food limits reproduction in a food-caching passerine</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><description>Several species of birds and mammals overcome periods of scarcity by caching food, but for the vast majority of species, it is virtually unknown whether they are food limited during these periods. The Gray Jay (
Perisoreus canadensis
) is a boreal-resident, food-caching passerine that breeds in late winter when fresh food is scarce. Using a two-year experiment and 43 years of monitoring data, we examined the food limitation hypothesis in a population of Gray Jays in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, that has declined by over 50% in the last three decades. Breeding pairs that were experimentally food supplemented during the pre-breeding period laid eggs earlier in the season and had larger brood sizes than non-supplemented controls. From the long-term data, we found strong evidence that pairs that were regularly supplemented by the public (park visitors) tended to lay eggs earlier and have larger clutches and brood sizes compared to pairs that were not supplemented. Nestling body condition (mass controlled for body size) was not influenced by either experimental or public food supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis that Gray Jays are food limited during their late-winter breeding period and suggest that warmer fall temperatures, which have been hypothesized to lead to cache spoilage, may have a significant impact on reproductive success in this declining population. Moreover, our results contribute to understanding how public feeding can influence the fitness of wild animals.</description><subject>Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada</subject><subject>Animal nesting</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bird nesting</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>caching</subject><subject>Clutch size</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Female animals</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food availability</subject><subject>food limitation</subject><subject>Food spoilage</subject><subject>food supplementation</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Genetic Fitness</subject><subject>Gray Jay</subject><subject>long-term data</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Nonnative species</subject><subject>Passeriformes - physiology</subject><subject>Perisoreus canadensis</subject><subject>population decline</subject><subject>Population Dynamics</subject><subject>public feeding</subject><subject>reproduction</subject><subject>Reproduction - physiology</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUuP0zAUhS0EYsrAgh8AssQGFhl87TiJl6gqD2kkNrBgZd3ENzRVaofYYab_HpcODOIh4Y0t-TvHPvcw9hjEBTRGvARdCDBwAXfYCowyhYFa3GUrIUAWptLNGXsQ407kBWVzn53JWtT5bFYsba4nmoc9-YQjp6-DI98RR-94qfiBcI489Hwf_JDCPPjP3GFCHrfhiqctJt6H4Pg47IcU-UzTHNzSpSF4PniO32-LDrvtUTlhjPktTw_ZvR7HSI9u9nP28fXmw_ptcfn-zbv1q8sCdZkzubLW0pmadNVKpJZqDbJFBA0ldjU5XQlS0DVSYUtSlEq6HhWSbkGJqlfn7PnJN3_ry0Ix2f0QOxpH9BSWaKFuRAMAyvwHqlXZKFmVGX32G7oLy-xzkEypJo_Y1EfDFyeqm0OMM_V2ymPG-WBB2GNrFrQ9tmYhs09vHJd2T-4n-aOmDFQn4GoY6fBvJ7tZf5ICtKlyKCF0Fj45CXcx13drXNZClrK6zYLpMAVvKeIvbpPrbbpOf6f-SPENx1fA3g</recordid><startdate>201511</startdate><enddate>201511</enddate><creator>Derbyshire, Rachael</creator><creator>Strickland, Dan</creator><creator>Norris, D. Ryan</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201511</creationdate><title>Experimental evidence and 43 years of monitoring data show that food limits reproduction in a food-caching passerine</title><author>Derbyshire, Rachael ; Strickland, Dan ; Norris, D. Ryan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a5415-d4752d97e56b2aebe7512baa1514ac7ed560e31c823abe20432dfa3ae5b1306f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada</topic><topic>Animal nesting</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bird nesting</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>caching</topic><topic>Clutch size</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Female animals</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food availability</topic><topic>food limitation</topic><topic>Food spoilage</topic><topic>food supplementation</topic><topic>Food supply</topic><topic>Genetic Fitness</topic><topic>Gray Jay</topic><topic>long-term data</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Nonnative species</topic><topic>Passeriformes - physiology</topic><topic>Perisoreus canadensis</topic><topic>population decline</topic><topic>Population Dynamics</topic><topic>public feeding</topic><topic>reproduction</topic><topic>Reproduction - physiology</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Derbyshire, Rachael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strickland, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norris, D. Ryan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Derbyshire, Rachael</au><au>Strickland, Dan</au><au>Norris, D. Ryan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Experimental evidence and 43 years of monitoring data show that food limits reproduction in a food-caching passerine</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2015-11</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>96</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>3005</spage><epage>3015</epage><pages>3005-3015</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>Several species of birds and mammals overcome periods of scarcity by caching food, but for the vast majority of species, it is virtually unknown whether they are food limited during these periods. The Gray Jay (
Perisoreus canadensis
) is a boreal-resident, food-caching passerine that breeds in late winter when fresh food is scarce. Using a two-year experiment and 43 years of monitoring data, we examined the food limitation hypothesis in a population of Gray Jays in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, that has declined by over 50% in the last three decades. Breeding pairs that were experimentally food supplemented during the pre-breeding period laid eggs earlier in the season and had larger brood sizes than non-supplemented controls. From the long-term data, we found strong evidence that pairs that were regularly supplemented by the public (park visitors) tended to lay eggs earlier and have larger clutches and brood sizes compared to pairs that were not supplemented. Nestling body condition (mass controlled for body size) was not influenced by either experimental or public food supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis that Gray Jays are food limited during their late-winter breeding period and suggest that warmer fall temperatures, which have been hypothesized to lead to cache spoilage, may have a significant impact on reproductive success in this declining population. Moreover, our results contribute to understanding how public feeding can influence the fitness of wild animals.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>27070019</pmid><doi>10.1890/15-0191.1</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada Animal nesting Animal reproduction Animals Bird nesting Birds Breeding caching Clutch size Diet Dietary supplements Ecosystem Feeding Behavior - physiology Female Female animals Food Food availability food limitation Food spoilage food supplementation Food supply Genetic Fitness Gray Jay long-term data Male Mammals Models, Biological Nonnative species Passeriformes - physiology Perisoreus canadensis population decline Population Dynamics public feeding reproduction Reproduction - physiology Seasons |
title | Experimental evidence and 43 years of monitoring data show that food limits reproduction in a food-caching passerine |
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