Evaluation of Hyperosmotic Sodium Bicarbonate as Adjunct to Ciprofloxacin in the Amelioration of Septicaemia in Salmonella-Induced Bubaline Neonatal Diarrhoea

This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of hyperosmotic sodium bicarbonate (HSB 8.4%), hypertonic saline (HSS 7.5%) and normal saline (NSS 0.9%) solutions associated with experimentally Salmonella-induced diarrhoea in buffalo neonatal calves. For this purpose, 14–17 days old 18 healthy buffalo calves were reared. After 8–12 h of oral administration of Salmonella broth (6.5 × 108 CFU), diarrhoea was induced successfully. Calves were then randomly divided into three equal groups viz., groups A, B and C and treatment was instituted. Group A received NSS (0.9%) @ 60 mL/kg (body weight) B.W, intravenous (IV) once, group B was administered HSS (7.5%) @ 5 mL/kg B.W, IV once and group C instituted with HSB (8.4%) @ 5 mL/kg B.W, IV once. All three groups were additionally treated with ciprofloxacin @ 7 mg/kg B.W, IV bid and flunixin meglumine @ 2 mg/kg B.W, IV tid. Comparative efficacy of all treatment regimens was assessed through haemodynamic measurements, blood gases determination and serum electrolyte analysis. All parameters were noted at baseline (prior to diarrhoea induction), during neonatal diarrhoea, t=3, t=9, t=18, t=36, t=72, t=120, t=168 h after treatment. The HSB treated calves (group C) revived from diarrhoea quickly (within 9 h) and efficiently than NSS (group A) and HSS (group B), exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) enhancement. At t=18 h, values for central venous partial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were 11.67 ± 0.7, 13.67 ± 0.61 and 13.50 ± 0.56 and 1180. 83 ± 6.94, 1180.83 ± 6.94 and 1465.00 ± 6.76 in groups A, B and C, respectively. HSB treated buffalo neonatal calves also showed significant increase in bicarbonate, blood pH, serum electrolytes and partial pressure of venous oxygen. Basis on the results of this study, it was concluded that small-volume administration of HSB profoundly ameliorated deleterious effects of septicaemia and improve haemodynamic stability in Salmonella-induced bubaline neonatal diarrhoea. It provides a practical and economical method to resuscitate dehydrated diarrhoeic calves thus make it convenient to accomplish in on-farm situation. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers