Botanophila—Epichloë Interaction in a Wild Grass, Puccinellia distans, Lacks Dependence on the Fly Vector

In grass-infecting Epichloë (Ascomycetes: Clavicipitaceae) fungi, the transfer of spermatia for fungal fertilization depends on an insect vector: flies of the genus Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). The flies use the fungal stroma, a spore-producing fungal structure surrounding the grass inflores...

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