The effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes

ABSTRACT Introduction: obesity has become a public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, due to its high prevalence. It is considered a risk factor for systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM. Although lifestyle changes can control and even achieve complete T2DM remission, most patients have difficulty controlling blood glucose. Recent studies show that the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is efficient for weight loss and control of T2DM and SAH in obese individuals. Objective: to analyze the effect of the RYGB technique on the control and treatment of comorbidities related to obesity. Method: this is a retrospective cohort study, with information obtained from the review of medical records, with data collection in the pre and postoperative period of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. We selected those with T2DM and SAH for the study. Results: 252 patients underwent RYGB in the service. Seventy-nine (31.3%) had T2DM and 64 had SAH associated with T2DM. Regarding T2DM and SAH, 37.9% and 43,7%, respectively, showed total remission of the disease after surgery. There was a reduction in the postoperative use of Metformin, insulin / Gliclazide, Propranolol, Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in 62%, 10.1%, 100%, 26.5% and 22.8% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: the RYGB technique is effective in the remission of T2DM and SAH. Even in cases where there was no total remission of the diseases, there was a significant drop in the use of medicines used for their treatment. RESUMO Introdução: a obesidade tornou-se problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, devido à alta prevalência. É considerada fator de risco para doenças metabólicas, como hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Embora a modificação do estilo de vida possa controlar e até levar à remissão total do DM2, a maioria dos pacientes tem dificuldade em controlar a glicemia. Estudos recentes mostram que a derivação gástrica em Y de Roux (RYGB) é eficiente para a perda de peso e o controle de comorbidades em pacientes obesos. Objetivo: analisar o efeito da técnica RYGB no controle e tratamento de comorbidades relacionadas à obesidade. Método: trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com informações obtidas pela revisão de prontuários, com coleta de dados no pré e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica. Selecionamos para o estudo aqueles com DM2 e HAS. Resultados: 252 pacientes foram submetidos à RYGB no serviç