Advances in the Materials Science of Skin: A Composite Structure with Multiple Functions

This article gives the foundation for understanding the structure and function of human skin and its layers. Skin is our first line of defense against the penetration of external chemicals and bacteria into the body and of water loss from the body. Skin's visual and tactile properties are very much linked to appearance and beauty. Skin treatments as simple as washing with soap affect the mechanics of skin properties, making it dry and brittle versus smooth and elastic. Likewise, natural aging, hormonal changes, and sun exposure affect the properties of skin. Mild cleansing, moisturizer treatments, and regular use of sunscreens can, however, help skin maintain and even improve its quality, appearance, and functional properties.