Exogenous Leptin Administered Intramuscularly Induces Sex Hormone Disorder and Ca Loss via Downregulation of Gnrh and PI3K Expression
Obesity is a public health problem that increases the risk of metabolic disease, infertility, and other chronic health problems. The present study aimed to develop a new rat model for sex hormone disorder with overweight and Ca loss by intramuscular injection of exogenous leptin (LEP). Thirty female...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Experimental Animals 2014, Vol.63(4), pp.447-457 |
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| creator | Wu, Lihong LIU, Wen BAYAER, Nashun GU, Weiwang SONG, Jieli |
| description | Obesity is a public health problem that increases the risk of metabolic disease, infertility, and other chronic health problems. The present study aimed to develop a new rat model for sex hormone disorder with overweight and Ca loss by intramuscular injection of exogenous leptin (LEP). Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (40 days old) were injected thrice intramuscularly with LEP or keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunogen. The following analyses were performed to determine the development of appetite, overweight, reproductive related-hormones, and calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (Pi) in SD rats: measurement of Lee’s index, body weight, food intake; serum Ca, Pi, and hormone tests by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis; histological analysis of abdominal fat; real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) mRNA, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Gnrhr) mRNA expression; and western blotting analysis of enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Rats injected with LEP immunogen displayed significantly increased body weight, food intake, Lee’s index, serum LEP, serum cortisol, fat deposition in the abdomen, and decreased hormones including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cholecystokinin, and Ca. Exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly also downregulate Gnrh and PI3K. In conclusion, exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly is a novel animal model for sex hormones disorder with overweight and Ca loss in SD rats. The downregulation of PI3K and Gnrh may be involved in the development of this animal model. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1538/expanim.14-0028 |
| format | Article |
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The present study aimed to develop a new rat model for sex hormone disorder with overweight and Ca loss by intramuscular injection of exogenous leptin (LEP). Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (40 days old) were injected thrice intramuscularly with LEP or keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunogen. The following analyses were performed to determine the development of appetite, overweight, reproductive related-hormones, and calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (Pi) in SD rats: measurement of Lee’s index, body weight, food intake; serum Ca, Pi, and hormone tests by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis; histological analysis of abdominal fat; real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) mRNA, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Gnrhr) mRNA expression; and western blotting analysis of enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Rats injected with LEP immunogen displayed significantly increased body weight, food intake, Lee’s index, serum LEP, serum cortisol, fat deposition in the abdomen, and decreased hormones including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cholecystokinin, and Ca. Exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly also downregulate Gnrh and PI3K. In conclusion, exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly is a novel animal model for sex hormones disorder with overweight and Ca loss in SD rats. The downregulation of PI3K and Gnrh may be involved in the development of this animal model.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1341-1357</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1881-7122</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0028</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25048263</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Calcium - metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation - drug effects ; Female ; Gene Expression - drug effects ; Gnrh ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism ; Injections, Intramuscular ; leptin ; Leptin - administration & dosage ; Leptin - adverse effects ; Leptin - blood ; obesity ; Overweight - chemically induced ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism ; PI3K ; rat model ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; sex hormone</subject><ispartof>Experimental Animals, 2014, Vol.63(4), pp.447-457</ispartof><rights>2014 Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-dc62c287084f102a55df8c51a73d3b2bc88a09bcdee9d350182ff36d2d0eb1f43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-dc62c287084f102a55df8c51a73d3b2bc88a09bcdee9d350182ff36d2d0eb1f43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1883,4024,27923,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25048263$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wu, Lihong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LIU, Wen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BAYAER, Nashun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GU, Weiwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SONG, Jieli</creatorcontrib><title>Exogenous Leptin Administered Intramuscularly Induces Sex Hormone Disorder and Ca Loss via Downregulation of Gnrh and PI3K Expression</title><title>Experimental Animals</title><addtitle>Exp Anim</addtitle><description>Obesity is a public health problem that increases the risk of metabolic disease, infertility, and other chronic health problems. The present study aimed to develop a new rat model for sex hormone disorder with overweight and Ca loss by intramuscular injection of exogenous leptin (LEP). Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (40 days old) were injected thrice intramuscularly with LEP or keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunogen. The following analyses were performed to determine the development of appetite, overweight, reproductive related-hormones, and calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (Pi) in SD rats: measurement of Lee’s index, body weight, food intake; serum Ca, Pi, and hormone tests by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis; histological analysis of abdominal fat; real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) mRNA, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Gnrhr) mRNA expression; and western blotting analysis of enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Rats injected with LEP immunogen displayed significantly increased body weight, food intake, Lee’s index, serum LEP, serum cortisol, fat deposition in the abdomen, and decreased hormones including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cholecystokinin, and Ca. Exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly also downregulate Gnrh and PI3K. In conclusion, exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly is a novel animal model for sex hormones disorder with overweight and Ca loss in SD rats. The downregulation of PI3K and Gnrh may be involved in the development of this animal model.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Calcium - metabolism</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Down-Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene Expression - drug effects</subject><subject>Gnrh</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism</subject><subject>Injections, Intramuscular</subject><subject>leptin</subject><subject>Leptin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Leptin - adverse effects</subject><subject>Leptin - blood</subject><subject>obesity</subject><subject>Overweight - chemically induced</subject><subject>Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - genetics</subject><subject>Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism</subject><subject>PI3K</subject><subject>rat model</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>sex hormone</subject><issn>1341-1357</issn><issn>1881-7122</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kF1PwjAUhhujEUSvvTP9A4N-bKxcEkAgkmiiXi9dewYlrF3aTeEH-L8dgtycj5znfXPyIvRISZ8mXAxgX0lryj6NI0KYuEJdKgSNUsrYdTvzmEaUJ2kH3YWwbYk0ZaNb1GEJiQUb8i76me3dGqxrAl5BVRuLx7o01oQaPGi8tLWXZRNUs5N-d2h33SgI-B32eOF86SzgqQnOa_BYWo0nEq9cCPjLSDx139bDupXWxlnsCjy3fvOHvS35C57tKw8htLd7dFPIXYCHc--hz-fZx2QRrV7ny8l4FamYJHWk1ZApJlIi4oISJpNEF0IlVKZc85zlSghJRrnSACPNE0IFKwo-1EwTyGkR8x4anHyVb5_0UGSVN6X0h4yS7Bhodg40o3F2DLRVPJ0UVZOXoC_8f4ItMDsB21DLNVwA6WujdnAxHPIsPpaz8eWuNtJnYPkvTkGOyA</recordid><startdate>2014</startdate><enddate>2014</enddate><creator>Wu, Lihong</creator><creator>LIU, Wen</creator><creator>BAYAER, Nashun</creator><creator>GU, Weiwang</creator><creator>SONG, Jieli</creator><general>Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2014</creationdate><title>Exogenous Leptin Administered Intramuscularly Induces Sex Hormone Disorder and Ca Loss via Downregulation of Gnrh and PI3K Expression</title><author>Wu, Lihong ; LIU, Wen ; BAYAER, Nashun ; GU, Weiwang ; SONG, Jieli</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-dc62c287084f102a55df8c51a73d3b2bc88a09bcdee9d350182ff36d2d0eb1f43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Calcium - metabolism</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Down-Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene Expression - drug effects</topic><topic>Gnrh</topic><topic>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism</topic><topic>Injections, Intramuscular</topic><topic>leptin</topic><topic>Leptin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Leptin - adverse effects</topic><topic>Leptin - blood</topic><topic>obesity</topic><topic>Overweight - chemically induced</topic><topic>Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - genetics</topic><topic>Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism</topic><topic>PI3K</topic><topic>rat model</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>sex hormone</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wu, Lihong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LIU, Wen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BAYAER, Nashun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GU, Weiwang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SONG, Jieli</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Experimental Animals</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wu, Lihong</au><au>LIU, Wen</au><au>BAYAER, Nashun</au><au>GU, Weiwang</au><au>SONG, Jieli</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exogenous Leptin Administered Intramuscularly Induces Sex Hormone Disorder and Ca Loss via Downregulation of Gnrh and PI3K Expression</atitle><jtitle>Experimental Animals</jtitle><addtitle>Exp Anim</addtitle><date>2014</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>447</spage><epage>457</epage><pages>447-457</pages><issn>1341-1357</issn><eissn>1881-7122</eissn><abstract>Obesity is a public health problem that increases the risk of metabolic disease, infertility, and other chronic health problems. The present study aimed to develop a new rat model for sex hormone disorder with overweight and Ca loss by intramuscular injection of exogenous leptin (LEP). Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (40 days old) were injected thrice intramuscularly with LEP or keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunogen. The following analyses were performed to determine the development of appetite, overweight, reproductive related-hormones, and calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (Pi) in SD rats: measurement of Lee’s index, body weight, food intake; serum Ca, Pi, and hormone tests by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis; histological analysis of abdominal fat; real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) mRNA, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Gnrhr) mRNA expression; and western blotting analysis of enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Rats injected with LEP immunogen displayed significantly increased body weight, food intake, Lee’s index, serum LEP, serum cortisol, fat deposition in the abdomen, and decreased hormones including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, cholecystokinin, and Ca. Exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly also downregulate Gnrh and PI3K. In conclusion, exogenous LEP administered intramuscularly is a novel animal model for sex hormones disorder with overweight and Ca loss in SD rats. The downregulation of PI3K and Gnrh may be involved in the development of this animal model.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science</pub><pmid>25048263</pmid><doi>10.1538/expanim.14-0028</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; J-STAGE (Japan Science & Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic) Freely Available Titles - Japanese; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals Calcium - metabolism Disease Models, Animal Down-Regulation - drug effects Female Gene Expression - drug effects Gnrh Gonadal Steroid Hormones - metabolism Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism Injections, Intramuscular leptin Leptin - administration & dosage Leptin - adverse effects Leptin - blood obesity Overweight - chemically induced Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - genetics Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism PI3K rat model Rats, Sprague-Dawley sex hormone |
| title | Exogenous Leptin Administered Intramuscularly Induces Sex Hormone Disorder and Ca Loss via Downregulation of Gnrh and PI3K Expression |
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