Strong-motion characteristics and visual damage assessment around seismic stations in Kathmandu after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake

A rapid visual damage assessment of buildings around four strong-motion seismic stations in Kathmandu Valley was carried out after the damaging Gorkha, Nepal earthquake (Mw7.8) of 25 April 2015. The waveforms of the main shock recorded at these stations were compared with the damage to buildings around the stations. The damage was found to be related to strong-motion characteristics of the earthquake. A dominance of long-period oscillation could be observed in the records. The damage to low-rise buildings in the valley was less than anticipated from an earthquake of this magnitude given that the majority of buildings were built without proper engineering consideration. The acceleration response spectra of one of the sedimentary sites show high response in the 1-2 s period range, and nearly 10% of the buildings, which were all low-rise, suffered damage around this site.