Differences in the Anaphylactic Response between C3H/HeOuJ and BALB/c Mice

Background: Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially lethal allergic reaction whose incidence is increasing. Murine models can elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pave the way for appropriate therapeutic options. However, differences in strains and protocols hamper comparisons of data between researchers. We performed a parallel study of clinical and immune responses with 2 strains of mice, BALB/c and C3H/HeOuJ, in an allergen-induced systemic anaphylaxis protocol. Both strains have been widely used in allergy models, although they have not been compared in an intraperitoneal systemic model. Methods: Groups of 5-week-old female BALB/c and C3H/HeOuJ mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with peanut in the presence of adjuvants. Specific immunoglobulin (sIg) G1, sIgG2a, sIgE, total IgE, histamine release, and specific stimulated splenocyte cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-γ, were assessed. At week 6, mice were intraperitoneally challenged with peanut. Anaphylaxis was evaluated by recognition of clinical symptoms and changes in body temperature. Results: All peanut-sensitized mice induced sIg and developed anaphylactic symptoms upon challenge. Nonetheless, the C3H/HeOuJ strain demonstrated earlier and persistently higher sIgG1 and sIgG2a production, elevated sIgE, and more severe clinical symptoms and histamine release than the BALB/c strain. In contrast, BALB/c exhibited higher release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IFN-γ. Conclusions: Both models are suitable for studying anaphylaxis. Consequently, they could be used in research on the pathogenesis and therapy of anaphylaxis. However, according to the type of study performed, differences in the specific clinical, humoral, and cellular responses to antigens have to be considered.