Frontal and motor cortex oxygenation during maximal exercise in normoxia and hypoxia
University of Colorado Altitude Research Center, Denver and Colorado Springs Campuses, Colorado Springs Submitted 12 November 2008 ; accepted in final form 15 January 2009 Reductions in prefrontal oxygenation near maximal exertion may limit exercise performance by impairing executive functions that...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physiology (1985) 2009-04, Vol.106 (4), p.1153-1158 |
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| creator | Subudhi, Andrew W Miramon, Brittany R Granger, Matthew E Roach, Robert C |
| description | University of Colorado Altitude Research Center, Denver and Colorado Springs Campuses, Colorado Springs
Submitted 12 November 2008
; accepted in final form 15 January 2009
Reductions in prefrontal oxygenation near maximal exertion may limit exercise performance by impairing executive functions that influence the decision to stop exercising; however, whether deoxygenation also occurs in motor regions that more directly affect central motor drive is unknown. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy was used to compare changes in prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortices during exhaustive exercise. Twenty-three subjects performed two sequential, incremental cycle tests (25 W/min ramp) during acute hypoxia [79 Torr inspired P O 2 (P I O 2 )] and normoxia (117 Torr P I O 2 ) in an environmental chamber. Test order was balanced, and subjects were blinded to chamber pressure. In normoxia, bilateral prefrontal oxygenation was maintained during low- and moderate-intensity exercise but dropped 9.0 ± 10.7% (mean ± SD, P < 0.05) before exhaustion (maximal power = 305 ± 52 W). The pattern and magnitude of deoxygenation were similar in prefrontal, premotor, and motor regions ( R 2 > 0.94). In hypoxia, prefrontal oxygenation was reduced 11.1 ± 14.3% at rest ( P < 0.01) and fell another 26.5 ± 19.5% ( P < 0.01) at exhaustion (maximal power = 256 ± 38 W, P < 0.01). Correlations between regions were high ( R 2 > 0.61), but deoxygenation was greater in prefrontal than premotor and motor regions ( P < 0.05). Prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortex deoxygenation during high-intensity exercise may contribute to an integrative decision to stop exercise. The accelerated rate of cortical deoxygenation in hypoxia may hasten this effect.
altitude; fatigue; near-infrared spectroscopy
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. W. Subudhi, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy., Colorado Springs, CO 80918 (e-mail: asubudhi{at}uccs.edu ) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1152/japplphysiol.91475.2008 |
| format | Article |
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Submitted 12 November 2008
; accepted in final form 15 January 2009
Reductions in prefrontal oxygenation near maximal exertion may limit exercise performance by impairing executive functions that influence the decision to stop exercising; however, whether deoxygenation also occurs in motor regions that more directly affect central motor drive is unknown. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy was used to compare changes in prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortices during exhaustive exercise. Twenty-three subjects performed two sequential, incremental cycle tests (25 W/min ramp) during acute hypoxia [79 Torr inspired P O 2 (P I O 2 )] and normoxia (117 Torr P I O 2 ) in an environmental chamber. Test order was balanced, and subjects were blinded to chamber pressure. In normoxia, bilateral prefrontal oxygenation was maintained during low- and moderate-intensity exercise but dropped 9.0 ± 10.7% (mean ± SD, P < 0.05) before exhaustion (maximal power = 305 ± 52 W). The pattern and magnitude of deoxygenation were similar in prefrontal, premotor, and motor regions ( R 2 > 0.94). In hypoxia, prefrontal oxygenation was reduced 11.1 ± 14.3% at rest ( P < 0.01) and fell another 26.5 ± 19.5% ( P < 0.01) at exhaustion (maximal power = 256 ± 38 W, P < 0.01). Correlations between regions were high ( R 2 > 0.61), but deoxygenation was greater in prefrontal than premotor and motor regions ( P < 0.05). Prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortex deoxygenation during high-intensity exercise may contribute to an integrative decision to stop exercise. The accelerated rate of cortical deoxygenation in hypoxia may hasten this effect.
altitude; fatigue; near-infrared spectroscopy
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. W. Subudhi, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy., Colorado Springs, CO 80918 (e-mail: asubudhi{at}uccs.edu )</description><identifier>ISSN: 8750-7587</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-1601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91475.2008</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19150853</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPHEV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Am Physiological Soc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anaerobic Threshold - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain ; Carbon Dioxide - blood ; Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology ; Exercise ; Exercise - physiology ; Exercise Test ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia - physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Cortex - physiology ; Motor Cortex - physiopathology ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Spectrum analysis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied physiology (1985), 2009-04, Vol.106 (4), p.1153-1158</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Physiological Society Apr 2009</rights><rights>Copyright © 2009, American Physiological Society 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-1d3e9fcfecdd4bdd98a8633e91283bce1c190437accc69728a5c742daa7efc963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-1d3e9fcfecdd4bdd98a8633e91283bce1c190437accc69728a5c742daa7efc963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3037,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21337662$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150853$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Subudhi, Andrew W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miramon, Brittany R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Granger, Matthew E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roach, Robert C</creatorcontrib><title>Frontal and motor cortex oxygenation during maximal exercise in normoxia and hypoxia</title><title>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</title><addtitle>J Appl Physiol (1985)</addtitle><description>University of Colorado Altitude Research Center, Denver and Colorado Springs Campuses, Colorado Springs
Submitted 12 November 2008
; accepted in final form 15 January 2009
Reductions in prefrontal oxygenation near maximal exertion may limit exercise performance by impairing executive functions that influence the decision to stop exercising; however, whether deoxygenation also occurs in motor regions that more directly affect central motor drive is unknown. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy was used to compare changes in prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortices during exhaustive exercise. Twenty-three subjects performed two sequential, incremental cycle tests (25 W/min ramp) during acute hypoxia [79 Torr inspired P O 2 (P I O 2 )] and normoxia (117 Torr P I O 2 ) in an environmental chamber. Test order was balanced, and subjects were blinded to chamber pressure. In normoxia, bilateral prefrontal oxygenation was maintained during low- and moderate-intensity exercise but dropped 9.0 ± 10.7% (mean ± SD, P < 0.05) before exhaustion (maximal power = 305 ± 52 W). The pattern and magnitude of deoxygenation were similar in prefrontal, premotor, and motor regions ( R 2 > 0.94). In hypoxia, prefrontal oxygenation was reduced 11.1 ± 14.3% at rest ( P < 0.01) and fell another 26.5 ± 19.5% ( P < 0.01) at exhaustion (maximal power = 256 ± 38 W, P < 0.01). Correlations between regions were high ( R 2 > 0.61), but deoxygenation was greater in prefrontal than premotor and motor regions ( P < 0.05). Prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortex deoxygenation during high-intensity exercise may contribute to an integrative decision to stop exercise. The accelerated rate of cortical deoxygenation in hypoxia may hasten this effect.
altitude; fatigue; near-infrared spectroscopy
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. W. Subudhi, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy., Colorado Springs, CO 80918 (e-mail: asubudhi{at}uccs.edu )</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anaerobic Threshold - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - blood</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Fatigue</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Hypoxia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial</subject><issn>8750-7587</issn><issn>1522-1601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkV-L1DAUxYMo7rj6FbQICj7MmP9pXgRZXBUWfFmfQyZN2wxtUpN2bb-96U5ZV59yyf3dc8_lAPAGwQNCDH886WHohnZJLnQHiahgBwxh-QTschfvEYfoKdiVgsG9YKW4AC9SOkGIKGXoObhAEjFYMrIDt9cx-FF3hfZV0YcxxMKEONq5CPPSWK9HF3xRTdH5puj17PrM2tlG45ItnC98iH2Ynb4XaJdhrV-CZ7Xukn21vZfg5_WX26tv-5sfX79ffb7ZGybwuEcVsbI2tTVVRY9VJUtdcpL_EC7J0VhkkISUCG2M4VLgUjMjKK60FrY2kpNL8OmsO0zH3lbG-jHqTg0xu4yLCtqpfzvetaoJdwpzWXIqssD7TSCGX5NNo-pdMrbrtLdhSooLKIVkK_j2P_AUpujzcQpjjLigFGdInCETQ0rR1g9OEFRrbOpxbOo-NrXGlidfPz7k79yWUwbebYBORnd11D4H8MBhRIjgfLXw4cy1rml_u2jVti00y7o9O-GKrmYI-QPAa7Zb</recordid><startdate>20090401</startdate><enddate>20090401</enddate><creator>Subudhi, Andrew W</creator><creator>Miramon, Brittany R</creator><creator>Granger, Matthew E</creator><creator>Roach, Robert C</creator><general>Am Physiological Soc</general><general>American Physiological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090401</creationdate><title>Frontal and motor cortex oxygenation during maximal exercise in normoxia and hypoxia</title><author>Subudhi, Andrew W ; Miramon, Brittany R ; Granger, Matthew E ; Roach, Robert C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-1d3e9fcfecdd4bdd98a8633e91283bce1c190437accc69728a5c742daa7efc963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anaerobic Threshold - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide - blood</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exercise - physiology</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Fatigue</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Hypoxia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Subudhi, Andrew W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miramon, Brittany R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Granger, Matthew E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roach, Robert C</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Subudhi, Andrew W</au><au>Miramon, Brittany R</au><au>Granger, Matthew E</au><au>Roach, Robert C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Frontal and motor cortex oxygenation during maximal exercise in normoxia and hypoxia</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Physiol (1985)</addtitle><date>2009-04-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>106</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1153</spage><epage>1158</epage><pages>1153-1158</pages><issn>8750-7587</issn><eissn>1522-1601</eissn><coden>JAPHEV</coden><abstract>University of Colorado Altitude Research Center, Denver and Colorado Springs Campuses, Colorado Springs
Submitted 12 November 2008
; accepted in final form 15 January 2009
Reductions in prefrontal oxygenation near maximal exertion may limit exercise performance by impairing executive functions that influence the decision to stop exercising; however, whether deoxygenation also occurs in motor regions that more directly affect central motor drive is unknown. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy was used to compare changes in prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortices during exhaustive exercise. Twenty-three subjects performed two sequential, incremental cycle tests (25 W/min ramp) during acute hypoxia [79 Torr inspired P O 2 (P I O 2 )] and normoxia (117 Torr P I O 2 ) in an environmental chamber. Test order was balanced, and subjects were blinded to chamber pressure. In normoxia, bilateral prefrontal oxygenation was maintained during low- and moderate-intensity exercise but dropped 9.0 ± 10.7% (mean ± SD, P < 0.05) before exhaustion (maximal power = 305 ± 52 W). The pattern and magnitude of deoxygenation were similar in prefrontal, premotor, and motor regions ( R 2 > 0.94). In hypoxia, prefrontal oxygenation was reduced 11.1 ± 14.3% at rest ( P < 0.01) and fell another 26.5 ± 19.5% ( P < 0.01) at exhaustion (maximal power = 256 ± 38 W, P < 0.01). Correlations between regions were high ( R 2 > 0.61), but deoxygenation was greater in prefrontal than premotor and motor regions ( P < 0.05). Prefrontal, premotor, and motor cortex deoxygenation during high-intensity exercise may contribute to an integrative decision to stop exercise. The accelerated rate of cortical deoxygenation in hypoxia may hasten this effect.
altitude; fatigue; near-infrared spectroscopy
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. W. Subudhi, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy., Colorado Springs, CO 80918 (e-mail: asubudhi{at}uccs.edu )</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Am Physiological Soc</pub><pmid>19150853</pmid><doi>10.1152/japplphysiol.91475.2008</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Physiological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Anaerobic Threshold - physiology Biological and medical sciences Brain Carbon Dioxide - blood Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Exercise Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Fatigue Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Hypoxia Hypoxia - physiopathology Male Motor Cortex - physiology Motor Cortex - physiopathology Oxygen Oxygen Consumption - physiology Prefrontal Cortex - physiology Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared Spectrum analysis Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial |
| title | Frontal and motor cortex oxygenation during maximal exercise in normoxia and hypoxia |
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