Miniaturization of Reference Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
Enabling simple three-electrode (3E) setups for solid-state battery cells is important allowing investigation of individual electrodes to shed more light on interface charge transfer and reactions occurring in solid-state battery cells. Two different 3E setups are compared, and their practical value...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2023-04, Vol.170 (4), p.40519 |
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creator | Hertle, Jonas Walther, Felix Mogwitz, Boris Schröder, Steffen Wu, Xiaohan Richter, Felix H. Janek, Jürgen |
description | Enabling simple three-electrode (3E) setups for solid-state battery cells is important allowing investigation of individual electrodes to shed more light on interface charge transfer and reactions occurring in solid-state battery cells. Two different 3E setups are compared, and their practical value is evaluated. A miniaturized reference electrode (
μ
-RE) is developed from lithium-plated gold wires with a tungsten core providing a stable potential. Cells with Li
6
PS
5
Cl as solid electrolyte, Li
1-x
Ni
0.85
Co
0.10
Mn
0.05
O
2
(NCM851005) as cathode active material and Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
/Li
7
Ti
5
O
12
(LTO) or In/InLi as anode are investigated. The reference electrode provides a stable potential of 0 V vs Li
+
/Li, hence allowing the precise measurement of single electrode potentials. The setup leaves the usual cell geometry essentially unchanged and causes only minor additional work during cell assembly, allowing widespread application. Evidence is provided that 3E setups are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials correctly and that two-electrode (2E) setups can massively underestimate the rate capability of electrodes. The impedance of full cells is systematically analyzed based on separate anode and cathode impedances.
A miniaturized reference electrode for solid-state batteries (SSB) is presented.
Reference electrodes are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials
Separated electrode impedances are measured simplifying impedance analysis.
High current rate tests show significant influence from the anode. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1149/1945-7111/accb6f |
format | Article |
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μ
-RE) is developed from lithium-plated gold wires with a tungsten core providing a stable potential. Cells with Li
6
PS
5
Cl as solid electrolyte, Li
1-x
Ni
0.85
Co
0.10
Mn
0.05
O
2
(NCM851005) as cathode active material and Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
/Li
7
Ti
5
O
12
(LTO) or In/InLi as anode are investigated. The reference electrode provides a stable potential of 0 V vs Li
+
/Li, hence allowing the precise measurement of single electrode potentials. The setup leaves the usual cell geometry essentially unchanged and causes only minor additional work during cell assembly, allowing widespread application. Evidence is provided that 3E setups are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials correctly and that two-electrode (2E) setups can massively underestimate the rate capability of electrodes. The impedance of full cells is systematically analyzed based on separate anode and cathode impedances.
A miniaturized reference electrode for solid-state batteries (SSB) is presented.
Reference electrodes are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials
Separated electrode impedances are measured simplifying impedance analysis.
High current rate tests show significant influence from the anode.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-4651</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7111</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/accb6f</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JESOAN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>IOP Publishing</publisher><ispartof>Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2023-04, Vol.170 (4), p.40519</ispartof><rights>2023 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-557f8429fdc94fdd5f2ac31a048c15f00eacb05a1efe5d9b38b2c0f95865d0993</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-557f8429fdc94fdd5f2ac31a048c15f00eacb05a1efe5d9b38b2c0f95865d0993</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8040-8038 ; 0000-0002-9221-4756</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/accb6f/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,53846</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hertle, Jonas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walther, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mogwitz, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, Steffen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xiaohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Felix H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Janek, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><title>Miniaturization of Reference Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries</title><title>Journal of the Electrochemical Society</title><addtitle>JES</addtitle><addtitle>J. Electrochem. Soc</addtitle><description>Enabling simple three-electrode (3E) setups for solid-state battery cells is important allowing investigation of individual electrodes to shed more light on interface charge transfer and reactions occurring in solid-state battery cells. Two different 3E setups are compared, and their practical value is evaluated. A miniaturized reference electrode (
μ
-RE) is developed from lithium-plated gold wires with a tungsten core providing a stable potential. Cells with Li
6
PS
5
Cl as solid electrolyte, Li
1-x
Ni
0.85
Co
0.10
Mn
0.05
O
2
(NCM851005) as cathode active material and Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
/Li
7
Ti
5
O
12
(LTO) or In/InLi as anode are investigated. The reference electrode provides a stable potential of 0 V vs Li
+
/Li, hence allowing the precise measurement of single electrode potentials. The setup leaves the usual cell geometry essentially unchanged and causes only minor additional work during cell assembly, allowing widespread application. Evidence is provided that 3E setups are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials correctly and that two-electrode (2E) setups can massively underestimate the rate capability of electrodes. The impedance of full cells is systematically analyzed based on separate anode and cathode impedances.
A miniaturized reference electrode for solid-state batteries (SSB) is presented.
Reference electrodes are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials
Separated electrode impedances are measured simplifying impedance analysis.
High current rate tests show significant influence from the anode.</description><issn>0013-4651</issn><issn>1945-7111</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1LAzEQxYMoWKt3j3v0YOzMbtLdHLVULbQIVs8hmw9MaTclSQ_617tLxZN4GmZ4v-G9R8g1wh0iExMUjNMaESdK63bqTsjo93RKRgBYUTbleE4uUtr0KzasHpHVynde5UP0Xyr70BXBFa_W2Wg7bYv51uocg7GpcCEW67D1hq6zyrZY-vzhDzu66JkHlbON3qZLcubUNtmrnzkm74_zt9kzXb48LWb3S6orzjPlvHYNK4UzWjBnDHel0hUqYI1G7gCs0i1whb0RbkRbNW2pwQneTLkBIaoxgeNfHUNK0Tq5j36n4qdEkEMdcsguh-zyWEeP3B4RH_ZyEw6x6w3-J7_5Q76xPVKDZBIYcBRyb1z1DYmHcIo</recordid><startdate>20230401</startdate><enddate>20230401</enddate><creator>Hertle, Jonas</creator><creator>Walther, Felix</creator><creator>Mogwitz, Boris</creator><creator>Schröder, Steffen</creator><creator>Wu, Xiaohan</creator><creator>Richter, Felix H.</creator><creator>Janek, Jürgen</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-8038</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4756</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230401</creationdate><title>Miniaturization of Reference Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries</title><author>Hertle, Jonas ; Walther, Felix ; Mogwitz, Boris ; Schröder, Steffen ; Wu, Xiaohan ; Richter, Felix H. ; Janek, Jürgen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-557f8429fdc94fdd5f2ac31a048c15f00eacb05a1efe5d9b38b2c0f95865d0993</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hertle, Jonas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walther, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mogwitz, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schröder, Steffen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xiaohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Felix H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Janek, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><collection>Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of the Electrochemical Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hertle, Jonas</au><au>Walther, Felix</au><au>Mogwitz, Boris</au><au>Schröder, Steffen</au><au>Wu, Xiaohan</au><au>Richter, Felix H.</au><au>Janek, Jürgen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Miniaturization of Reference Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the Electrochemical Society</jtitle><stitle>JES</stitle><addtitle>J. Electrochem. Soc</addtitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>170</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>40519</spage><pages>40519-</pages><issn>0013-4651</issn><eissn>1945-7111</eissn><coden>JESOAN</coden><abstract>Enabling simple three-electrode (3E) setups for solid-state battery cells is important allowing investigation of individual electrodes to shed more light on interface charge transfer and reactions occurring in solid-state battery cells. Two different 3E setups are compared, and their practical value is evaluated. A miniaturized reference electrode (
μ
-RE) is developed from lithium-plated gold wires with a tungsten core providing a stable potential. Cells with Li
6
PS
5
Cl as solid electrolyte, Li
1-x
Ni
0.85
Co
0.10
Mn
0.05
O
2
(NCM851005) as cathode active material and Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
/Li
7
Ti
5
O
12
(LTO) or In/InLi as anode are investigated. The reference electrode provides a stable potential of 0 V vs Li
+
/Li, hence allowing the precise measurement of single electrode potentials. The setup leaves the usual cell geometry essentially unchanged and causes only minor additional work during cell assembly, allowing widespread application. Evidence is provided that 3E setups are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials correctly and that two-electrode (2E) setups can massively underestimate the rate capability of electrodes. The impedance of full cells is systematically analyzed based on separate anode and cathode impedances.
A miniaturized reference electrode for solid-state batteries (SSB) is presented.
Reference electrodes are needed to evaluate the rate capability of active materials
Separated electrode impedances are measured simplifying impedance analysis.
High current rate tests show significant influence from the anode.</abstract><pub>IOP Publishing</pub><doi>10.1149/1945-7111/accb6f</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-8038</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4756</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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title | Miniaturization of Reference Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries |
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