Energy Factor Based Routing Algorithm for Lifetime Enhancement in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Energy consumption and dissipation of mobile nodes is considered as one of the significant aspect affecting the entire lifetime of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), as the nodes depends on limited battery power. In addition, spatial and temporal characteristics of mobile nodes also make energy imbalance in the network. Towards this, there are several studies that emphasis on improving the network lifetime and reliability by altering the existing MANET routing protocols. In this paper, an Energy Factor based Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector routing algorithm (EF-AODV) is proposed in MANETs for lifetime enhancement. The proposed technique includes two algorithms by leveraging the cross layer paradigm. Firstly, proposed EF-AODV dynamically chooses intermediate nodes based on battery power, and mobility of the nodes in the direction of destination. Secondly, for uniform energy consumption, we calculate the energy factor at each intermediate mobile node by considering the sleep and ideal states of the nodes along with mobility. Further, the energy factor is considered as a key metric to obtain the optimal path from the source to the destination to balance the energy disparity in the network, leading to reduced delay in packet transmission. The path with highest energy factor value is selected for networking of data packets. Upon extensive simulation using Network Simulator (NS-2.34), we illustrate that the proposed EF-AODV outperforms over existing ad-hoc routing approaches under the various performance metrics.