Modeling Anthropogenic Heat Flux during the Heating Season in Large Cities of the Russian Federation

Estimates of the anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) created by megacities of the Russian Federation during the heating season have been obtained. To calculate the AHF value, two-dimensional models are created taking into account the height of the number of stories and the type of buildings for sixteen cities with a population of at least one million people. The source data is from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) open web mapping platform and the Yandex Maps website. Two algorithms for calculating AHF are considered, using building codes, thermophysical properties of enclosing structures, and the difference between internal and external air temperatures. The first algorithm uses the basic value of the required heat transfer resistance of the building envelope and the second uses the calculated value of the specific characteristics of thermal energy consumption for heating and ventilation of a building. AHF is assessed from the territory of the city within the administrative boundaries and from the urbanized territory, which is determined by multistory buildings. AHF density spatial distribution maps are provided for the four largest megacities—Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and Yekaterinburg.