Capsule Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine against Diarrheal Disease Caused by Campylobacter jejuni

The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni is one of the few identified virulence determinants of this important human pathogen. Since CPS conjugate vaccines have been so effective against other mucosal pathogens, we evaluated this approach using CPSs from two strains of C. jejuni, 81-176 (HS23 and HS36 serotype complex) and CG8486 (HS4 serotype complex). The CPSs of 81-176 and CG8486 were independently linked to the carrier protein CRM₁₉₇ by reductive amination between an aldehyde(s), strategically created at the nonreducing end of each CPS, and accessible amines of CRM₁₉₇. In both cases, the CPS:CRM₁₉₇ ratio used was 2:1 by weight. Mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis showed that on average, each glycoconjugate preparation contained, at least in part, two to five CPSs attached to one CRM₁₉₇. When administered subcutaneously to mice, these vaccines elicited robust immune responses and significantly reduced the disease following intranasal challenge with the homologous strains of C. jejuni. The CPS₈₁₋₁₇₆-CRM₁₉₇ vaccine also provided 100% protection against diarrhea in the New World monkey Aotus nancymaae following orogastric challenge with C. jejuni 81-176.