Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2009-11, Vol.75 (21), p.6839-6849 |
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| description | Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five SE genes. For most SE genes, the prevalence rates among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, as well as wound- and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one SE gene was detected in all except two S. aureus isolates (>99%). Complete egc clusters were found in only 11% of S. aureus isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. S. aureus strains exhibited distinct combinations of SE genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in SE content, although they contained a lower number of SE genes (mean, 3). By contrast, SE content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains with respect to enterotoxin genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1128/AEM.00272-09 |
| format | Article |
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The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five SE genes. For most SE genes, the prevalence rates among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, as well as wound- and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one SE gene was detected in all except two S. aureus isolates (>99%). Complete egc clusters were found in only 11% of S. aureus isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. S. aureus strains exhibited distinct combinations of SE genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in SE content, although they contained a lower number of SE genes (mean, 3). By contrast, SE content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains with respect to enterotoxin genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5336</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-6596</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00272-09</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19749060</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AEMIDF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Allergic diseases ; Bacteremia - microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis ; Bacterial Proteins - genetics ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cloning ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Enterotoxins - biosynthesis ; Enterotoxins - genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Microbiology ; Molecular Epidemiology ; New York ; Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods ; Public Health Microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus aureus - genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism ; Staphylococcus infections ; Toxins ; Wound Infection - microbiology</subject><ispartof>Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009-11, Vol.75 (21), p.6839-6849</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology Nov 2009</rights><rights>Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-8ea4e19e1f60b1a46fdafa18f1a11985980942fd4054d10432e762450258dd6e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-8ea4e19e1f60b1a46fdafa18f1a11985980942fd4054d10432e762450258dd6e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2772442/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2772442/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,3175,3176,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22081583$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19749060$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Varshney, Avanish K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mediavilla, José R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robiou, Natalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guh, Alice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiabo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gialanella, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levi, Michael H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiswirth, Barry N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fries, Bettina C</creatorcontrib><title>Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York</title><title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five SE genes. For most SE genes, the prevalence rates among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, as well as wound- and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one SE gene was detected in all except two S. aureus isolates (>99%). Complete egc clusters were found in only 11% of S. aureus isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. S. aureus strains exhibited distinct combinations of SE genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in SE content, although they contained a lower number of SE genes (mean, 3). By contrast, SE content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains with respect to enterotoxin genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently.</description><subject>Allergic diseases</subject><subject>Bacteremia - microbiology</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Bacterial Typing Techniques</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>DNA Fingerprinting</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field</subject><subject>Enterotoxins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Enterotoxins - genetics</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Molecular Epidemiology</subject><subject>New York</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</subject><subject>Public Health Microbiology</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism</subject><subject>Staphylococcus infections</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><subject>Wound Infection - microbiology</subject><issn>0099-2240</issn><issn>1098-5336</issn><issn>1098-6596</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1v1DAQBuAIgehSuHEGCwm4NGX8kcS-IJVlKZXKh1R64GS5yXiT4sSLnbTbf4-XXbXAgZMl-9E7M54se0rhkFIm3xwtPh0CsIrloO5lMwpK5gXn5f1sBqBUzpiAvexRjJcAIKCUD7M9qiqhoIRZFt93VxgiksUwYvCjX3cDOcYBydfgbecwEtP7YUnmzg_GkbnvVw7X6dpbcjaaVXvjfO3rekpwCpiOk-idGZOwwfdkbJG8C35YH5DPeE2--_DjcfbAGhfxye7cz84_LL7NP-anX45P5keneV0wNuYSjUCqkNoSLqgRpW2MNVRaaihVslASlGC2EVCIhoLgDKuSiQJYIZumRL6fvd3mrqaLHpsahzEYp1eh60240d50-u-XoWv10l9pVlVMCJYCXu8Cgv85YRx138UanTMD-inqinMlSkqrJF_9VzIqlOKFSvDFP_DSTyH9bDJQqAqE2tQ92KI6-BgD2tueKejN0nVauv69dA2bzGd_znmHd1tO4OUOmFgbZ4MZ6i7eOsZA0kLyu-babtledwG1ib022OuqSCPoUvJNtedbZI3XZhlS0PkZA8qBlkpWDPgvh__JKA</recordid><startdate>20091101</startdate><enddate>20091101</enddate><creator>Varshney, Avanish K</creator><creator>Mediavilla, José R</creator><creator>Robiou, Natalie</creator><creator>Guh, Alice</creator><creator>Wang, Xiabo</creator><creator>Gialanella, Philip</creator><creator>Levi, Michael H</creator><creator>Kreiswirth, Barry N</creator><creator>Fries, Bettina C</creator><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><general>American Society for Microbiology (ASM)</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091101</creationdate><title>Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York</title><author>Varshney, Avanish K ; Mediavilla, José R ; Robiou, Natalie ; Guh, Alice ; Wang, Xiabo ; Gialanella, Philip ; Levi, Michael H ; Kreiswirth, Barry N ; Fries, Bettina C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-8ea4e19e1f60b1a46fdafa18f1a11985980942fd4054d10432e762450258dd6e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Allergic diseases</topic><topic>Bacteremia - microbiology</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Bacterial Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Bacterial Typing Techniques</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cloning</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>DNA Fingerprinting</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field</topic><topic>Enterotoxins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Enterotoxins - genetics</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Molecular Epidemiology</topic><topic>New York</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</topic><topic>Public Health Microbiology</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - genetics</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism</topic><topic>Staphylococcus infections</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><topic>Wound Infection - microbiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Varshney, Avanish K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mediavilla, José R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robiou, Natalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guh, Alice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiabo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gialanella, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levi, Michael H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiswirth, Barry N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fries, Bettina C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Varshney, Avanish K</au><au>Mediavilla, José R</au><au>Robiou, Natalie</au><au>Guh, Alice</au><au>Wang, Xiabo</au><au>Gialanella, Philip</au><au>Levi, Michael H</au><au>Kreiswirth, Barry N</au><au>Fries, Bettina C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York</atitle><jtitle>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>2009-11-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>6839</spage><epage>6849</epage><pages>6839-6849</pages><issn>0099-2240</issn><eissn>1098-5336</eissn><eissn>1098-6596</eissn><coden>AEMIDF</coden><abstract>Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The prevalence of 19 enterotoxin genes was determined by PCR in clinical S. aureus strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five SE genes. For most SE genes, the prevalence rates among methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates, as well as wound- and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one SE gene was detected in all except two S. aureus isolates (>99%). Complete egc clusters were found in only 11% of S. aureus isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. S. aureus strains exhibited distinct combinations of SE genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in SE content, although they contained a lower number of SE genes (mean, 3). By contrast, SE content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains with respect to enterotoxin genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>19749060</pmid><doi>10.1128/AEM.00272-09</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allergic diseases Bacteremia - microbiology Bacterial Proteins - biosynthesis Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Typing Techniques Biological and medical sciences Cloning Cluster Analysis DNA Fingerprinting DNA, Bacterial - genetics Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field Enterotoxins - biosynthesis Enterotoxins - genetics Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Genotype Microbiology Molecular Epidemiology New York Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods Public Health Microbiology Sequence Analysis, DNA Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - genetics Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism Staphylococcus infections Toxins Wound Infection - microbiology |
| title | Diverse Enterotoxin Gene Profiles among Clonal Complexes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from the Bronx, New York |
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