Thermoacoustic boundary layers near the liquid–vapor critical point
The sound attenuation in resonators filled with xenon at its critical density ρc was calculated and measured as a function of the reduced temperature τ≡(T−Tc)/Tc. (Tc is the critical temperature.) Over the temperature and frequency ranges of the measurements [10−3
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2004-05, Vol.115 (5_Supplement), p.2380-2380 |
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| container_issue | 5_Supplement |
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| container_title | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
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| creator | Gillis, Keith A. Shinder, Iosif I. Moldover, Michael R. |
| description | The sound attenuation in resonators filled with xenon at its critical density ρc was calculated and measured as a function of the reduced temperature τ≡(T−Tc)/Tc. (Tc is the critical temperature.) Over the temperature and frequency ranges of the measurements [10−3 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1121/1.4780233 |
| format | Article |
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(Tc is the critical temperature.) Over the temperature and frequency ranges of the measurements [10−3<τ<10−1, 0.1 kHz<f<7.5 kHz], the attenuation was dominated by the thermal boundary layer. The model predicts that the attenuation at the boundary first increases as τ decreases and then saturates when the effusivity of the xenon exceeds that of the solid. [The effusivity is ε≡√ρCPλT, where CP is the isobaric specific heat and λT is the thermal conductivity.] The model correctly predicts (±1.0%) the quality factors Q of resonances measured in a steel resonator (εss=6400 kg⋅K−1⋅s−5/2); it also predicts the observed increase of the Q, by up to a factor of 8, when the resonator is coated with a polymer (εpr=370 kg⋅K−1⋅s−5/2). The thickness δT of the thermal boundary layer in the xenon decreases as τ decreases until 2πfγζ/(ρc2)≊1. (ζ is the bulk viscosity, γ is the heat capacity ratio, and c is the speed of sound.) For smaller τ, δT is predicted to become complex and increase. 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(Tc is the critical temperature.) Over the temperature and frequency ranges of the measurements [10−3<τ<10−1, 0.1 kHz<f<7.5 kHz], the attenuation was dominated by the thermal boundary layer. The model predicts that the attenuation at the boundary first increases as τ decreases and then saturates when the effusivity of the xenon exceeds that of the solid. [The effusivity is ε≡√ρCPλT, where CP is the isobaric specific heat and λT is the thermal conductivity.] The model correctly predicts (±1.0%) the quality factors Q of resonances measured in a steel resonator (εss=6400 kg⋅K−1⋅s−5/2); it also predicts the observed increase of the Q, by up to a factor of 8, when the resonator is coated with a polymer (εpr=370 kg⋅K−1⋅s−5/2). The thickness δT of the thermal boundary layer in the xenon decreases as τ decreases until 2πfγζ/(ρc2)≊1. (ζ is the bulk viscosity, γ is the heat capacity ratio, and c is the speed of sound.) For smaller τ, δT is predicted to become complex and increase. 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(Tc is the critical temperature.) Over the temperature and frequency ranges of the measurements [10−3<τ<10−1, 0.1 kHz<f<7.5 kHz], the attenuation was dominated by the thermal boundary layer. The model predicts that the attenuation at the boundary first increases as τ decreases and then saturates when the effusivity of the xenon exceeds that of the solid. [The effusivity is ε≡√ρCPλT, where CP is the isobaric specific heat and λT is the thermal conductivity.] The model correctly predicts (±1.0%) the quality factors Q of resonances measured in a steel resonator (εss=6400 kg⋅K−1⋅s−5/2); it also predicts the observed increase of the Q, by up to a factor of 8, when the resonator is coated with a polymer (εpr=370 kg⋅K−1⋅s−5/2). The thickness δT of the thermal boundary layer in the xenon decreases as τ decreases until 2πfγζ/(ρc2)≊1. (ζ is the bulk viscosity, γ is the heat capacity ratio, and c is the speed of sound.) For smaller τ, δT is predicted to become complex and increase. [Work supported by NASA.]</abstract><doi>10.1121/1.4780233</doi></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2004-05, Vol.115 (5_Supplement), p.2380-2380 |
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| source | AIP Journals Complete; AIP Acoustical Society of America |
| title | Thermoacoustic boundary layers near the liquid–vapor critical point |
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