The impact of backscatter angular dependency on reverberation levels in shallow water under downward refracting conditions

For downward refracting conditions in shallow water over a sandy bottom it was found that propagation loss was dependent on the source and receiver depth [P. D. Herstein etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 2302(A) (1992)]. The analysis is now extended to reverberation levels, considering the grazing angles corresponding to various source and receiver depths and both the first and second power sine of the angle dependencies of the backscattering. This is compared to a compilation of shallow water backscattering results.