Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors
Purpose: Although x-ray projection mammography has been very effective in early detection of breast cancer, its utility is reduced in the detection of small lesions that are occult or in dense breasts. One drawback is that the inherent superposition of parenchymal structures makes visualization of s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medical physics (Lancaster) 2010-03, Vol.37 (3), p.1225-1236 |
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| creator | Le, Huy Q. Ducote, Justin L. Molloi, Sabee |
| description | Purpose:
Although x-ray projection mammography has been very effective in early detection of breast cancer, its utility is reduced in the detection of small lesions that are occult or in dense breasts. One drawback is that the inherent superposition of parenchymal structures makes visualization of small lesions difficult. Breast computed tomography using flat-panel detectors has been developed to address this limitation by producing three-dimensional data while at the same time providing more comfort to the patients by eliminating breast compression. Flat panels are charge integrating detectors and therefore lack energy resolution capability. Recent advances in solid state semiconductor x-ray detector materials and associated electronics allow the investigation of x-ray imaging systems that use a photon counting and energy discriminating detector, which is the subject of this article.
Methods:
A small field-of-view computed tomography (CT) system that uses CdZnTe (CZT) photon counting detector was compared to one that uses a flat-panel detector for different imaging tasks in breast imaging. The benefits afforded by the CZT detector in the energy weighting modes were investigated. Two types of energy weighting methods were studied: Projection based and image based. Simulation and phantom studies were performed with a 2.5 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylinder filled with iodine and calcium contrast objects. Simulation was also performed on a 10 cm breast specimen.
Results:
The contrast-to-noise ratio improvements as compared to flat-panel detectors were 1.30 and 1.28 (projection based) and 1.35 and 1.25 (image based) for iodine over PMMA and hydroxylapatite over PMMA, respectively. Corresponding simulation values were 1.81 and 1.48 (projection based) and 1.85 and 1.48 (image based). Dose reductions using the CZT detector were 52.05% and 49.45% for iodine and hydroxyapatite imaging, respectively. Image-based weighting was also found to have the least beam hardening effect.
Conclusions:
The results showed that a CT system using an energy resolving detector reduces the dose to the patient while maintaining image quality for various breast imaging tasks. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1118/1.3312435 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>wiley_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1118_1_3312435</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>MP2435</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5655-225a0a8ce27a8899df1a4d2a912fd7f40fd984ac35401ac0d8678639d73492fb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kVtrVDEUhYModjr64B8ogT5ZODW3c-uDIENbhYoi9cWXsCeXmZRzTg5JpjL_vpmLQ0XGpyTslW_vtRdC7yi5pJQ2H-gl55QJXr5AEyZqXghG2pdoQkgrCiZIeYJOY3wghFS8JK_RCSO8EawiE9T9AO0gOT9g7aPBweiV2j5X0Q0LDHimfw33pphDNBor34-rlC_J934RYFyucVzHZPorPMs1CC7mv8lj20EqRhhMh7VJRiUf4hv0ykIXzdv9OUU_b67vZ5-Lu2-3X2af7gpVVmVZMFYCgUYZVkPTtK22FIRm0FJmdW0FsbptBCheCkJBEd1UdVPxVtdctMzO-RR93HHH1bw3WpkhBejkGFwPYS09OPl3ZXBLufCPkuWtsIyaovMdwMfkZFQuG1gqPwzZh2R5uVWV1zxF73cqFXyMwdhDB0rkJhhJ5T6YrD17PtJB-SeJLCh2gt-uM-vjJPn1-x6497iZbhvg8T-HjOUmY7nNOAMujgEefXjWcNT2f-J_vT4BGGLJVg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Le, Huy Q. ; Ducote, Justin L. ; Molloi, Sabee</creator><creatorcontrib>Le, Huy Q. ; Ducote, Justin L. ; Molloi, Sabee</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose:
Although x-ray projection mammography has been very effective in early detection of breast cancer, its utility is reduced in the detection of small lesions that are occult or in dense breasts. One drawback is that the inherent superposition of parenchymal structures makes visualization of small lesions difficult. Breast computed tomography using flat-panel detectors has been developed to address this limitation by producing three-dimensional data while at the same time providing more comfort to the patients by eliminating breast compression. Flat panels are charge integrating detectors and therefore lack energy resolution capability. Recent advances in solid state semiconductor x-ray detector materials and associated electronics allow the investigation of x-ray imaging systems that use a photon counting and energy discriminating detector, which is the subject of this article.
Methods:
A small field-of-view computed tomography (CT) system that uses CdZnTe (CZT) photon counting detector was compared to one that uses a flat-panel detector for different imaging tasks in breast imaging. The benefits afforded by the CZT detector in the energy weighting modes were investigated. Two types of energy weighting methods were studied: Projection based and image based. Simulation and phantom studies were performed with a 2.5 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylinder filled with iodine and calcium contrast objects. Simulation was also performed on a 10 cm breast specimen.
Results:
The contrast-to-noise ratio improvements as compared to flat-panel detectors were 1.30 and 1.28 (projection based) and 1.35 and 1.25 (image based) for iodine over PMMA and hydroxylapatite over PMMA, respectively. Corresponding simulation values were 1.81 and 1.48 (projection based) and 1.85 and 1.48 (image based). Dose reductions using the CZT detector were 52.05% and 49.45% for iodine and hydroxyapatite imaging, respectively. Image-based weighting was also found to have the least beam hardening effect.
Conclusions:
The results showed that a CT system using an energy resolving detector reduces the dose to the patient while maintaining image quality for various breast imaging tasks.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-2405</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2473-4209</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0094-2405</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1118/1.3312435</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20384260</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MPHYA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Association of Physicists in Medicine</publisher><subject>APATITES ; BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY ; Body Burden ; Breast imaging ; CADMIUM COMPOUNDS ; Cancer ; Charge transfer ; Computed tomography ; computerised tomography ; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY ; DOSIMETRY ; ENERGY RESOLUTION ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Humans ; II‐VI semiconductors ; Image detection systems ; Image sensors ; IODINE ; MAMMARY GLANDS ; Mammography ; Mammography - instrumentation ; Medical image noise ; Medical imaging ; Medical X‐ray imaging ; NEOPLASMS ; NOISE ; PATIENTS ; PHANTOMS ; photon counting ; photon counting detector ; PHOTONS ; PMMA ; RADIATION DETECTORS ; Radiation Dosage ; radiation dose ; RADIATION DOSES ; Radiation Imaging Physics ; Radiation Protection - instrumentation ; RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE ; SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS ; SIMULATION ; Tellurium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation ; X RADIATION ; X-Ray Intensifying Screens ; X‐ray detectors ; zinc compounds</subject><ispartof>Medical physics (Lancaster), 2010-03, Vol.37 (3), p.1225-1236</ispartof><rights>American Association of Physicists in Medicine</rights><rights>2010 American Association of Physicists in Medicine</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2010 American Association of Physicists in Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5655-225a0a8ce27a8899df1a4d2a912fd7f40fd984ac35401ac0d8678639d73492fb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5655-225a0a8ce27a8899df1a4d2a912fd7f40fd984ac35401ac0d8678639d73492fb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1118%2F1.3312435$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1118%2F1.3312435$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20384260$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22096647$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Le, Huy Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ducote, Justin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molloi, Sabee</creatorcontrib><title>Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors</title><title>Medical physics (Lancaster)</title><addtitle>Med Phys</addtitle><description>Purpose:
Although x-ray projection mammography has been very effective in early detection of breast cancer, its utility is reduced in the detection of small lesions that are occult or in dense breasts. One drawback is that the inherent superposition of parenchymal structures makes visualization of small lesions difficult. Breast computed tomography using flat-panel detectors has been developed to address this limitation by producing three-dimensional data while at the same time providing more comfort to the patients by eliminating breast compression. Flat panels are charge integrating detectors and therefore lack energy resolution capability. Recent advances in solid state semiconductor x-ray detector materials and associated electronics allow the investigation of x-ray imaging systems that use a photon counting and energy discriminating detector, which is the subject of this article.
Methods:
A small field-of-view computed tomography (CT) system that uses CdZnTe (CZT) photon counting detector was compared to one that uses a flat-panel detector for different imaging tasks in breast imaging. The benefits afforded by the CZT detector in the energy weighting modes were investigated. Two types of energy weighting methods were studied: Projection based and image based. Simulation and phantom studies were performed with a 2.5 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylinder filled with iodine and calcium contrast objects. Simulation was also performed on a 10 cm breast specimen.
Results:
The contrast-to-noise ratio improvements as compared to flat-panel detectors were 1.30 and 1.28 (projection based) and 1.35 and 1.25 (image based) for iodine over PMMA and hydroxylapatite over PMMA, respectively. Corresponding simulation values were 1.81 and 1.48 (projection based) and 1.85 and 1.48 (image based). Dose reductions using the CZT detector were 52.05% and 49.45% for iodine and hydroxyapatite imaging, respectively. Image-based weighting was also found to have the least beam hardening effect.
Conclusions:
The results showed that a CT system using an energy resolving detector reduces the dose to the patient while maintaining image quality for various breast imaging tasks.</description><subject>APATITES</subject><subject>BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY</subject><subject>Body Burden</subject><subject>Breast imaging</subject><subject>CADMIUM COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Charge transfer</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>computerised tomography</subject><subject>COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY</subject><subject>DOSIMETRY</subject><subject>ENERGY RESOLUTION</subject><subject>Equipment Design</subject><subject>Equipment Failure Analysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>II‐VI semiconductors</subject><subject>Image detection systems</subject><subject>Image sensors</subject><subject>IODINE</subject><subject>MAMMARY GLANDS</subject><subject>Mammography</subject><subject>Mammography - instrumentation</subject><subject>Medical image noise</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical X‐ray imaging</subject><subject>NEOPLASMS</subject><subject>NOISE</subject><subject>PATIENTS</subject><subject>PHANTOMS</subject><subject>photon counting</subject><subject>photon counting detector</subject><subject>PHOTONS</subject><subject>PMMA</subject><subject>RADIATION DETECTORS</subject><subject>Radiation Dosage</subject><subject>radiation dose</subject><subject>RADIATION DOSES</subject><subject>Radiation Imaging Physics</subject><subject>Radiation Protection - instrumentation</subject><subject>RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE</subject><subject>SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS</subject><subject>SIMULATION</subject><subject>Tellurium</subject><subject>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation</subject><subject>X RADIATION</subject><subject>X-Ray Intensifying Screens</subject><subject>X‐ray detectors</subject><subject>zinc compounds</subject><issn>0094-2405</issn><issn>2473-4209</issn><issn>0094-2405</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kVtrVDEUhYModjr64B8ogT5ZODW3c-uDIENbhYoi9cWXsCeXmZRzTg5JpjL_vpmLQ0XGpyTslW_vtRdC7yi5pJQ2H-gl55QJXr5AEyZqXghG2pdoQkgrCiZIeYJOY3wghFS8JK_RCSO8EawiE9T9AO0gOT9g7aPBweiV2j5X0Q0LDHimfw33pphDNBor34-rlC_J934RYFyucVzHZPorPMs1CC7mv8lj20EqRhhMh7VJRiUf4hv0ykIXzdv9OUU_b67vZ5-Lu2-3X2af7gpVVmVZMFYCgUYZVkPTtK22FIRm0FJmdW0FsbptBCheCkJBEd1UdVPxVtdctMzO-RR93HHH1bw3WpkhBejkGFwPYS09OPl3ZXBLufCPkuWtsIyaovMdwMfkZFQuG1gqPwzZh2R5uVWV1zxF73cqFXyMwdhDB0rkJhhJ5T6YrD17PtJB-SeJLCh2gt-uM-vjJPn1-x6497iZbhvg8T-HjOUmY7nNOAMujgEefXjWcNT2f-J_vT4BGGLJVg</recordid><startdate>201003</startdate><enddate>201003</enddate><creator>Le, Huy Q.</creator><creator>Ducote, Justin L.</creator><creator>Molloi, Sabee</creator><general>American Association of Physicists in Medicine</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201003</creationdate><title>Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors</title><author>Le, Huy Q. ; Ducote, Justin L. ; Molloi, Sabee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5655-225a0a8ce27a8899df1a4d2a912fd7f40fd984ac35401ac0d8678639d73492fb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>APATITES</topic><topic>BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY</topic><topic>Body Burden</topic><topic>Breast imaging</topic><topic>CADMIUM COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Charge transfer</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>computerised tomography</topic><topic>COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY</topic><topic>DOSIMETRY</topic><topic>ENERGY RESOLUTION</topic><topic>Equipment Design</topic><topic>Equipment Failure Analysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>II‐VI semiconductors</topic><topic>Image detection systems</topic><topic>Image sensors</topic><topic>IODINE</topic><topic>MAMMARY GLANDS</topic><topic>Mammography</topic><topic>Mammography - instrumentation</topic><topic>Medical image noise</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medical X‐ray imaging</topic><topic>NEOPLASMS</topic><topic>NOISE</topic><topic>PATIENTS</topic><topic>PHANTOMS</topic><topic>photon counting</topic><topic>photon counting detector</topic><topic>PHOTONS</topic><topic>PMMA</topic><topic>RADIATION DETECTORS</topic><topic>Radiation Dosage</topic><topic>radiation dose</topic><topic>RADIATION DOSES</topic><topic>Radiation Imaging Physics</topic><topic>Radiation Protection - instrumentation</topic><topic>RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE</topic><topic>SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS</topic><topic>SIMULATION</topic><topic>Tellurium</topic><topic>Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation</topic><topic>X RADIATION</topic><topic>X-Ray Intensifying Screens</topic><topic>X‐ray detectors</topic><topic>zinc compounds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Le, Huy Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ducote, Justin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molloi, Sabee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medical physics (Lancaster)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Le, Huy Q.</au><au>Ducote, Justin L.</au><au>Molloi, Sabee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors</atitle><jtitle>Medical physics (Lancaster)</jtitle><addtitle>Med Phys</addtitle><date>2010-03</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1225</spage><epage>1236</epage><pages>1225-1236</pages><issn>0094-2405</issn><eissn>2473-4209</eissn><eissn>0094-2405</eissn><coden>MPHYA6</coden><abstract>Purpose:
Although x-ray projection mammography has been very effective in early detection of breast cancer, its utility is reduced in the detection of small lesions that are occult or in dense breasts. One drawback is that the inherent superposition of parenchymal structures makes visualization of small lesions difficult. Breast computed tomography using flat-panel detectors has been developed to address this limitation by producing three-dimensional data while at the same time providing more comfort to the patients by eliminating breast compression. Flat panels are charge integrating detectors and therefore lack energy resolution capability. Recent advances in solid state semiconductor x-ray detector materials and associated electronics allow the investigation of x-ray imaging systems that use a photon counting and energy discriminating detector, which is the subject of this article.
Methods:
A small field-of-view computed tomography (CT) system that uses CdZnTe (CZT) photon counting detector was compared to one that uses a flat-panel detector for different imaging tasks in breast imaging. The benefits afforded by the CZT detector in the energy weighting modes were investigated. Two types of energy weighting methods were studied: Projection based and image based. Simulation and phantom studies were performed with a 2.5 cm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cylinder filled with iodine and calcium contrast objects. Simulation was also performed on a 10 cm breast specimen.
Results:
The contrast-to-noise ratio improvements as compared to flat-panel detectors were 1.30 and 1.28 (projection based) and 1.35 and 1.25 (image based) for iodine over PMMA and hydroxylapatite over PMMA, respectively. Corresponding simulation values were 1.81 and 1.48 (projection based) and 1.85 and 1.48 (image based). Dose reductions using the CZT detector were 52.05% and 49.45% for iodine and hydroxyapatite imaging, respectively. Image-based weighting was also found to have the least beam hardening effect.
Conclusions:
The results showed that a CT system using an energy resolving detector reduces the dose to the patient while maintaining image quality for various breast imaging tasks.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Association of Physicists in Medicine</pub><pmid>20384260</pmid><doi>10.1118/1.3312435</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | APATITES BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY Body Burden Breast imaging CADMIUM COMPOUNDS Cancer Charge transfer Computed tomography computerised tomography COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY DOSIMETRY ENERGY RESOLUTION Equipment Design Equipment Failure Analysis Humans II‐VI semiconductors Image detection systems Image sensors IODINE MAMMARY GLANDS Mammography Mammography - instrumentation Medical image noise Medical imaging Medical X‐ray imaging NEOPLASMS NOISE PATIENTS PHANTOMS photon counting photon counting detector PHOTONS PMMA RADIATION DETECTORS Radiation Dosage radiation dose RADIATION DOSES Radiation Imaging Physics Radiation Protection - instrumentation RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS SIMULATION Tellurium Tomography, X-Ray Computed - instrumentation X RADIATION X-Ray Intensifying Screens X‐ray detectors zinc compounds |
| title | Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe-based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat-panel detectors |
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