Field size dependence of the output factor in passively scattered proton therapy: Influence of range, modulation, air gap, and machine settings
At the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center field specific output factors (i.e., dose per monitor unit) for patient treatments were modeled for all beamlines (two gantries, fixed stereotactic, and fixed eye beamline). The authors evaluated the accuracy of dose calculation and output model for small...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Medical physics (Lancaster) 2009-07, Vol.36 (7), p.3205-3210 |
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creator | Daartz, J. Engelsman, M. Paganetti, Harald Bussière, M. R. |
description | At the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center field specific output factors (i.e., dose per monitor unit) for patient treatments were modeled for all beamlines (two gantries, fixed stereotactic, and fixed eye beamline). The authors evaluated the accuracy of dose calculation and output model for small fields. Measurements in a water phantom were performed in three of our beamlines quantifying the dependency of the output factor on the field size for a variety of proton ranges. The influence of snout size, air gap, modulation, and second scatterer was investigated. The impact of field size on output depends strongly on the depth of interest. The air gap has a notable influence on small field outputs. A field size specific correction factor to the output is necessary if the latter was modeled or measured without the custom hardware in place. The output was shown to be field size dependent even for large fields, indicating an effect beyond charged particle disequilibrium caused by lateral scatter. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1118/1.3152111 |
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R.</creatorcontrib><title>Field size dependence of the output factor in passively scattered proton therapy: Influence of range, modulation, air gap, and machine settings</title><title>Medical physics (Lancaster)</title><addtitle>Med Phys</addtitle><description>At the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center field specific output factors (i.e., dose per monitor unit) for patient treatments were modeled for all beamlines (two gantries, fixed stereotactic, and fixed eye beamline). The authors evaluated the accuracy of dose calculation and output model for small fields. Measurements in a water phantom were performed in three of our beamlines quantifying the dependency of the output factor on the field size for a variety of proton ranges. The influence of snout size, air gap, modulation, and second scatterer was investigated. The impact of field size on output depends strongly on the depth of interest. The air gap has a notable influence on small field outputs. A field size specific correction factor to the output is necessary if the latter was modeled or measured without the custom hardware in place. The output was shown to be field size dependent even for large fields, indicating an effect beyond charged particle disequilibrium caused by lateral scatter.</description><subject>Air</subject><subject>Binary stars</subject><subject>Biomedical engineering</subject><subject>biomedical measurement</subject><subject>calibration</subject><subject>Collimators</subject><subject>Dosimetry</subject><subject>Field size</subject><subject>Medical treatment planning</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Modulators</subject><subject>Particle scattering</subject><subject>phantoms</subject><subject>Phantoms, Imaging</subject><subject>Position sensitive detectors</subject><subject>proton therapy</subject><subject>Protons</subject><subject>Protons - therapeutic use</subject><subject>radiation therapy</subject><subject>Radiotherapy - instrumentation</subject><subject>Radiotherapy - methods</subject><subject>Radiotherapy Dosage</subject><subject>small fields</subject><subject>Treatment strategy</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><issn>0094-2405</issn><issn>2473-4209</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90Mtu1TAQBmALgeihsOAFkFdIoKb4mpx0hyoKlYpgAetoYo9PjRI72E7R4SV4ZVJOuEgINp5ZfP41-gl5zNkp53z7gp9KrsWy3iEboRpZKcHau2TDWKsqoZg-Ig9y_sQYq6Vm98kRb-tGCt5uyLcLj4Ol2X9FanHCYDEYpNHRcr2MuUxzoQ5MiYn6QCfI2d_gsKfZQCmY0NIpxRLDrU8w7c_oZXDD_DMlQdjhCR2jnQcoPoYTCj7RHUzLEiwdwVz7gDRjKT7s8kNyz8GQ8dE6j8nHi1cfzt9UV-9eX56_vKqM0g2vuOXOChBG1WD6li2v1MDQNVxqUyuxlaJXGrkCC8Zh06ttjc42ytai7pk8Jk8Pucv1n2fMpRt9NjgMEDDOuasb3UjdigU-O0CTYs4JXTclP0Lad5x1t-13vFvbX-yTNXTuR7S_5Vr3AqoD-OIH3P87qXv7fg18fvDZ-PKjvl9_bmL6w0_W_Q__fep3wqyq-w</recordid><startdate>200907</startdate><enddate>200907</enddate><creator>Daartz, J.</creator><creator>Engelsman, M.</creator><creator>Paganetti, Harald</creator><creator>Bussière, M. R.</creator><general>American Association of Physicists in Medicine</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200907</creationdate><title>Field size dependence of the output factor in passively scattered proton therapy: Influence of range, modulation, air gap, and machine settings</title><author>Daartz, J. ; Engelsman, M. ; Paganetti, Harald ; Bussière, M. 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R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Field size dependence of the output factor in passively scattered proton therapy: Influence of range, modulation, air gap, and machine settings</atitle><jtitle>Medical physics (Lancaster)</jtitle><addtitle>Med Phys</addtitle><date>2009-07</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>3205</spage><epage>3210</epage><pages>3205-3210</pages><issn>0094-2405</issn><eissn>2473-4209</eissn><coden>MPHYA6</coden><abstract>At the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center field specific output factors (i.e., dose per monitor unit) for patient treatments were modeled for all beamlines (two gantries, fixed stereotactic, and fixed eye beamline). The authors evaluated the accuracy of dose calculation and output model for small fields. Measurements in a water phantom were performed in three of our beamlines quantifying the dependency of the output factor on the field size for a variety of proton ranges. The influence of snout size, air gap, modulation, and second scatterer was investigated. The impact of field size on output depends strongly on the depth of interest. The air gap has a notable influence on small field outputs. A field size specific correction factor to the output is necessary if the latter was modeled or measured without the custom hardware in place. The output was shown to be field size dependent even for large fields, indicating an effect beyond charged particle disequilibrium caused by lateral scatter.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Association of Physicists in Medicine</pub><pmid>19673219</pmid><doi>10.1118/1.3152111</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air Binary stars Biomedical engineering biomedical measurement calibration Collimators Dosimetry Field size Medical treatment planning Models, Theoretical Modulators Particle scattering phantoms Phantoms, Imaging Position sensitive detectors proton therapy Protons Protons - therapeutic use radiation therapy Radiotherapy - instrumentation Radiotherapy - methods Radiotherapy Dosage small fields Treatment strategy Water - chemistry |
title | Field size dependence of the output factor in passively scattered proton therapy: Influence of range, modulation, air gap, and machine settings |
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